Optimal design of powdered nanosized oxides of high surface area and porosity using a citric acid aided route, with special reference to ZnO

Farbun, I. A.; Romanova, I. V.; Kirillov, S. А.

doi:10.1007/s10971-013-3024-7

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The role of the polyalcohol is questioned in the literature and historically a large excess was used (Pechini 1967;Kakihana et al 1996), but now it is common to add polyalcohol in the same molar ratio as the carboxylic acid. The amount of ethylene glycol has been shown to be important for the morphology of ZnO powder produced by the method (Farbun et al 2013). The polyesterification reaction is dependent on the presence of protonated carboxylic groups and hence the pH of the solution (Tai and Lessing 1992a;.…”

Section: What Is the Modified Pechini Synthesis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Pechini Synthesis of Oxide Powders and Thin Films

Sunde

Grande

Einarsrud

2016

Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

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The modified Pechini method has become one of the most popular synthesis methods for complex oxide materials due to its simplicity and versatility. The method can be applied to synthesize nano-crystalline powders, bulk materials as well as oxide thin films. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the method with focus on the chemistry through the three stages of the process; preparation of stable aqueous solution, poly-esterification to form a solid polymeric resin and finally decomposition/combustion of the resin to form an amorphous oxide followed by crystallization of the desired oxide phase. The review include

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Section: What Is the Modified Pechini Synthesis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Pechini Synthesis of Oxide Powders and Thin Films

Sunde

Grande

Einarsrud

2016

Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

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“…[29][30][31], citrate precursors after drying at 120°C (dried resins) consist of stoichiometric hydrous citrates and upon pyrolysis, decompose giving the target products. In the case of lithium manganese spinels, the precursors contain the mixture of dihydrates of lithium citrate, manganese-II citrate, and two excess moles of citric acid, and their decomposition in air is described by the following reaction [28],…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Citrate precursors have been obtained in the following way [27][28][29][30][31]. Solutions of lithium nitrate, manganese-II nitrate, and citric acid (all of analytical grade) of approx.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method of pretreatment of lithium manganese spinels and high-rate electrochemical performance of Li[Li0.033Mn1.967]O4

Potapenko

Chernukhin

Kirillov

2014

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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Lithium manganese spinels tend to aggregate upon annealing and do not allow for attaining high discharge rates when used as cathodes in lithium-ion batteries. To obtain spinel samples of lower aggregation and better highrate properties, precursors synthesized by means of a citric acid-aided route are suggested to be pyrolyzed in an inert atmosphere, instead of pyrolysis in air. The synthesis of nanosized Li[Li 0.033 Mn 1.967 ]O 4 is described, and its characteristics including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and porosity, as well as electrochemical test results are presented. The particle size of the materials obtained is smaller, the degree of aggregation is lower, and high-rate properties are better than for analogues pyrolyzed in air. In particular, sample Li||Li[Li 0.033 Mn 1.967 ]O 4 cells deliver *60 mAh g -1 at the current loads of 4,000 mA g -1

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“…The role of the polyalcohol is questioned in the literature and historically a large excess was used (Pechini 1967;, but now it is common to add polyalcohol in the same molar ratio as the carboxylic acid. The amount of ethylene glycol has been shown to be important for the morphology of ZnO powder produced by the method (Farbun et al 2013). The polyesterification reaction is dependent on the presence of protonated carboxylic groups and hence the pH of the solution (Tai and Lessing 1992a;.…”

Section: What Is the Modified Pechini Synthesis?mentioning

confidence: 99%