2022
DOI: 10.3390/ma15144993
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Optimal Dimensioning of Retaining Walls Using Explainable Ensemble Learning Algorithms

Abstract: This paper develops predictive models for optimal dimensions that minimize the construction cost associated with reinforced concrete retaining walls. Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Categorical Gradient Boosting (CatBoost), and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) algorithms were applied to obtain the predictive models. Predictive models were trained using a comprehensive dataset, which was generated using the Harmony Search (HS) algorithm. Each data sample in this database consists o… Show more

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Cited by 20 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…The IR and AI together will make the prediction more reliable and applicable. Moreover, in the future, the given 70 sample data set can be increased using the harmony search optimization algorithm [80].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The IR and AI together will make the prediction more reliable and applicable. Moreover, in the future, the given 70 sample data set can be increased using the harmony search optimization algorithm [80].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Machine learning methods have gained importance in today's world [44]. Machine learning algorithms are used in many fields today [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. Supervised learning, which is a type of machine learning, refers to the implementation of classification and regression algorithms where a dependent variable is known in advance.…”
Section: Machine Learning Modelsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The results of them and their interpretations using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) technique have been presented in the next section. The theoretical background of ensemble learning and SHAP algorithms can be found in [ 3 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. In addition to the SHAP analysis also, a four-level factorial analysis has been carried out to further investigate the sensitivity of to the variations in different design variables.…”
Section: Dataset Generation and Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Structural optimization aims at designing structures with the best possible dimensions that minimize cost without any impact on structural performance. In recent years metaheuristic optimization techniques have been increasingly applied to the optimization of different structures such as cylindrical reinforced concrete walls [ 1 , 2 ], retaining walls [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], plate girders [ 6 ], laminated composite plates [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], concrete-filled steel tubes [ 10 , 11 ], truss systems [ 12 ], timber structures [ 13 ], and liquid mass dampers [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. These algorithms can be divided into evolutionary, physics-based, swarm-based, and population-based algorithms [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%