“…Next, given the estimated parameters, we solve the model in a fully nonlinear and stochastic setting with the ZLB and apply a nonlinear filter to a full sample to extract the sequence of the natural interest rate. The literature (e.g., Boneva, Braun, and Waki, 2016;Fernández-Villaverde, Gordon, Guerrón-Quintana, and Rubio-Ramírez, 2015;Gavin, Keen, Richter, and Throckmorton, 2015;Gust, Herbst, López-Salido, and Smith, 2017;Nakata, 2016Nakata, , 2017Ngo, 2014;and Richter and Throckmorton, 2016a) has emphasized the importance of considering nonlinearity in assessing the quantitative implications of New Keynesian models that include the ZLB. The natural rate estimated in the present paper takes account of this important feature.…”