Optimal dose and type of exercise to improve cognitive function in older adults: A systematic review and bayesian model-based network meta-analysis of RCTs

Gallardo-Gómez, Daniel; Pozo-Cruz, Jesús del; Noetel, Michael; Álvarez-Barbosa, Francisco; Alfonso-Rosa, Rosa M.; Cruz, Borja del Pozo

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101591

Cited by 114 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…There is an increasing amount of evidence-based research showing that various forms and doses of physical activity (PA) or exercise are effective in combating many chronic diseases [ 1 , 2 ] and improving well-being and mental health [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The health benefits of PA are influenced by age, sex, health, and body mass index (BMI) [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Types of Exercise Are Best for Emotional Intelligence and Logical Thinking?

Skurvydas

Lisinskienė

Majauskienė

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The aim of our study was to determine whether EI and LT vs. intuitive thinking (CRT score) are related to participation in professional sports, independent exercise, and exercise at a gym/health center compared with no exercise. We selected 20 of the most popular types of exercise in Lithuania among respondents who exercise independently or at a gym/health center, and we ranked these types of exercise according to the participants’ emotional intelligence and logical thinking. We studied 4545 women and 1824 men aged 18–74 years with a focus on whether emotional intelligence and logical thinking are related to type of exercise. Participation in any exercise was significantly related to emotional intelligence in men and women. Women in professional sports solved the lowest number of logic tasks. Women who exercise independently or at a gym/health center had better logical thinking than those who do not exercise. Among men, logical thinking was not associated with the type of exercise. We found the tendency for a negative correlation between EI and LT in the 20 most popular types of exercise. Emotional intelligence correlated positively with participation in MVPA. The highest emotional intelligence was in women who participate in dance or Pilates and in men who participate in martial arts, wrestling, boxing, or yoga. Logical thinking was the highest in men who participate in triathlon and in women who perform CrossFit. Men who practice martial arts or track and field and women who participate in cycling were in the top five for emotional intelligence and logical thinking.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Types of Exercise Are Best for Emotional Intelligence and Logical Thinking?

Skurvydas

Lisinskienė

Majauskienė

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Few articles have analyzed different exercise types. However, in a recent meta-analysis, Gallardo-Gómez et al [ 43 ] analyzed different exercise types concerning cognitive improvement with chronic exercise. In their results, resistance training seemed to be better able to improve cognitive function in older people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Exercise Types Produce the Same Acute Inhibitory Control Improvements When the Subjective Intensity Is Equal

Carbonell-Hernández

Ballester-Ferrer

Maciá

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Twenty-eight active older people (67.19 ± 4.91 years) who engaged in physical exercise activity twice a week were recruited to participate in a counterbalanced experimental protocol. The participants performed three different exercise sessions on three different days, one based on aerobic activities, one based on strength exercises with elastic bands, and one based on stationary balance games. During all three sessions, they were encouraged to maintain a moderate subjective intensity (5–6 on the RPE10 scale), and their heart rate was recorded. In addition, all of the participants took a digital version of the Stroop test before and after each session. The study aimed to compare the acute cognitive impacts of different types of exercise sessions in older adults. The participants’ heart rate differed between the exercise sessions, but they maintained the RPE intensity. There was a significant improvement in inhibitory control (Stroop test) after all sessions, with no differences between exercise sessions. Moreover, some participants agreed to be genotyped to record the single nucleotide polymorphism of BDNF rs6265. There were no differences between Val/Val and Met carriers at the beginning or end of the exercise sessions. The present study showed similar cognitive improvements with different exercise type sessions when the subjective intensity was maintained.

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“…The environmental component of ARCD and ARD is well-established in large cohort studies in multiple countries but has yet to form the basis of ARD prevention or treatment policies [ 10 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. This includes significantly increased risk of ARCD and ARD as well as worse cognitive function associated with sedentary behavior and reduced physical activity [ 37 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], chronic sleep deprivation or sleep disruption [ 37 , 44 , 45 ], insulin resistance and dysglycemia [ 46 , 47 ], poor-quality nutrition and associated changes in nutrient status [ 10 , 48 ], body composition [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ], sex hormone status during and after the menopausal transition [ 53 ], and the effect of social isolation and poor social support [ 54 ]. Early evidence is mounting to suggest that lifestyle and environmental modification has the potential to prevent or even reverse ARD, especially when initiated early in the ARCD process [ 10 , 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Population-level Observations and Evolutionary Theory Derive...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Demand Coupling Drives Neurodegeneration: A Model of Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Dementia

Turknett¹,

Wood

2022

Cells

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The societal burden of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and other major forms of dementia continues to grow, and multiple pharmacological agents directed towards modifying the pathological “hallmarks” of AD have yielded disappointing results. Though efforts continue towards broadening and deepening our knowledge and understanding of the mechanistic and neuropathological underpinnings of AD, our previous failures motivate a re-examination of how we conceptualize AD pathology and progression. In addition to not yielding effective treatments, the phenotypically heterogeneous biological processes that have been the primary area of focus to date have not been adequately shown to be necessary or sufficient to explain the risk and progression of AD. On the other hand, a growing body of evidence indicates that lifestyle and environment represent the ultimate level of causation for AD and age-related cognitive decline. Specifically, the decline in cognitive demands over the lifespan plays a central role in driving the structural and functional deteriorations of the brain. In the absence of adequate cognitive stimulus, physiological demand–function coupling leads to downregulation of growth, repair, and homeostatic processes, resulting in deteriorating brain tissue health, function, and capacity. In this setting, the heterogeneity of associated neuropathological tissue hallmarks then occurs as a consequence of an individual’s genetic and environmental background and are best considered downstream markers of the disease process rather than specific targets for direct intervention. In this manuscript we outline the evidence for a demand-driven model of age-related cognitive decline and dementia and why it mandates a holistic approach to dementia treatment and prevention that incorporates the primary upstream role of cognitive demand.

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Optimal dose and type of exercise to improve cognitive function in older adults: A systematic review and bayesian model-based network meta-analysis of RCTs

Cited by 114 publications

References 95 publications

What Types of Exercise Are Best for Emotional Intelligence and Logical Thinking?

What Types of Exercise Are Best for Emotional Intelligence and Logical Thinking?

Different Exercise Types Produce the Same Acute Inhibitory Control Improvements When the Subjective Intensity Is Equal

Demand Coupling Drives Neurodegeneration: A Model of Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Dementia

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