Optimal doses and concentrations of mutagens for winter wheat breeding purposes. Part I. Grain productivity

Abstract

Evaluation of winter wheat mutant families (2011 -2012, second -third generations, exclude a little number of dominant mutations at first generation) and lines (2013 -2016, forth and next generations) has been carried out. Six bread winter wheat lines have been identified as high-grain productivity mutants (prevalent on national standard variety for agriculture zone by summarized three-year's results). For these lines higher value of two components of yield structure (1,000 grain weight and grain weight per plant) was typical during field estimation. Other indexes didn't get significant influences on yield performance. Gamma-rays dose 100 Gy as a mutagen factor was the most successful in induction productive mutations. Medium dose of gamma-rays (100 Gy) and concentrations of nitrosoalkylureas (0.01 -0.0125%) are recommended for winter wheat mutation breeding on grain productivity. Four lines were recommended for state varieties exam. Two earliness, one semi-and one short-stem lines have been determined for using directly as future varieties or components of breeding crosses. Varieties obtained by gamma radiation are less sensitive to same mutagen (in terms of mutation induction). Their re-exposure is inappropriate by same mutagen. The same situation was observed for chemical mutagens. However, the varieties which obtained with field hybridization or after treated by other types of mutagens (for example exploited chemical mutagens for radiomutants) were more successful as initial material for obtaining new highproductive lines.

Modeling the invasiveness of Ulmus pumila in urban ecosystems in conditions of climate change

“…Habitat transformed under the influence of invasive species creates opportunities for the manifestation of aggressive qualities of those native species that can change their range, moving northward or appearing in a favourable environment for them in the urban phytocenoses and in private plots as well. Therefore, studies of the transformation of biological diversity (Nazarenko et al, 2018) and the geography of invasions (Maslyakov & Izhevsky, 2009;Lykholat et al, 2017;Pismarkina & Silaeva, 2018) are critically important. One of the key aspects of study of invasions is their quantitative assessment to determine the effect of different stages of invasion from species penetration (introduction) to the time when direct environmental impact occurs (Rouget et al, 2016).…”

Morpho-ecological structure of oribatid mite (Acariformes, Oribatida) communities in the forest litter of recultivated areas

“…Forest ecosystems form the most important factor of optimizating the ecological situation on degraded lands (struggle against with erosion, dust control, accumulation of the soil organic matter, soil structure improvement, creation of conditions for species which modify habitatecosystem engineers). In this regard, the environmental transformation role of forest tree vegetation due to its greater biomass, coverage of rock-soil strata, above-ground height, longevity and resistance against adverse factors is more effective in comparison to agricultural crops (de Waroux & Lambin, 2012;Bertram & Rehdanz, 2015;Borrellia et al, 2016;Mori et al, 2017;Nazarenko et al, 2018).…”

Induced Mutations of Winter Wheat Caused by Gamma-Rays Fixed on Plant Height and Stem Structure

“…Mutations have been used successful in several crops for breeding agronomical important traits. Induced mutations in wheat have been obtained for morphological and quantitative characters by treatment with different mutagens (Nazarenko et al, 2018). The main purpose of using mutagens has been to induce genetic variation, which is the first step in a breeding programmer.…”