Optimal Energy Management for an On-Grid Microgrid by Using Branch and Bound Method

Energy Management Strategies for Smart Green MicroGrid Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

“…e μ grid inverters must accurately respect the voltage and the frequency of the public grid, which are generally 240 V at 50 Hz or 120 V at 60 Hz. Yet, from all the papers that allow the bidirectional flow of energy, only a few touched on the bound on the energy to be exported to the grid [16,21,27,31,38]. On the contrary, the export limit puts more constraint on the size of the μ grid system.…”

“…Nevertheless, this configuration requires additional safety measures (e.g., frequency stabilization) in addition to having a slightly higher installation cost than that of DC coupled systems. Compared to this latter, only fewer papers have adopted the AC configuration (i.e., [16,21,25,43]). e last and the newest configuration is a hybrid DC-AC coupling bus configuration (Cf.…”

“…(iii) In [6], the authors penalize the unmet demand load. (iv) In [16], the authors maximize RER use as well as minimize utility grid use. (v) In [45], the authors aim to have a zero purchased energy from the grid (i.e., zero-net energy consumption).…”

“…An ESS's SoH is considered as an objective in some papers [6] and a constraint in others [16,27], whereas, in [27], it was constrained by a minimum bound SoH min .…”

“…Some papers do not assign constraints on the utility grid, and this implies that the utility grid can provide the μ grid with any amount of energy it needs, and in case of a bidirectional flow of energy, the μ grid can inject all of its generation excess into the utility. Others, such as in [16,21,27,31,40], limit the power exchanged with the utility P Grid by an upper limit P Grid max and a lower limit P Grid min . e upper limit is constrained by an upper bound P peak in [16,27,30].…”