Optimal experimental design and sample size for the statistical evaluation of data from somatic mutation and recombination tests (SMART) in Drosophila

Frei, H.; Würgler, Friedrich E.

doi:10.1016/0165-1161(95)90018-7

Cited by 189 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The data were evaluated according to the multipledecision procedure of Frei and Würgler (1988;1995). The frequencies of each type of mutant clones per fly were compared with the concurrent negative control series using the conditional binomial test of Kastenbaum and Bowman (1970), with significance levels set at α = β = 0.05.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequencies of each type of mutant clones per fly were compared with the concurrent negative control series using the conditional binomial test of Kastenbaum and Bowman (1970), with significance levels set at α = β = 0.05. For the analysis of the modulatory effects of AA on DXR-induced genotoxicity, the data were evaluated according to the Mann-Whitney nonparametric U-test and Wilcoxon rank sum text (Frei and Würgler, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulatory effects of the antioxidant ascorbic acid on the direct genotoxicity of doxorubicin in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster

2007

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In this study two different crosses involving the wing cell markers mwh and flr 3 (standard (ST) cross and high bioactivation (HB) cross, the latter being characterized by a high constitutive level of cytochrome P450 which leads to an increased sensitivity to a number of promutagens and procarcinogens) were used to investigate the modulatory effects of ascorbic acid (AA) combined with the antitumor agent doxorubicin (DXR) in Drosophila melanogaster. We observed that the two different concentrations of AA (50 or 100 mM) had no effect on spots frequencies, while DXR treatments (0.2 or 0.4 mM) gave positive results for all types of spots, when compared to negative control. For marker-heterozygous (MH) flies, a protective effect was observed with the lower concentration of AA (50 mM) that was able to statistically decrease the frequency of spots induced by DXR (0.2 mM), while an enhanced frequency of spots induced by DXR was observed with the higher concentration of AA (100 mM), when compared to DXR treatment (p < 0.05). These results suggest that AA may interfere with free radicals generated by DXR and with other possible reactive metabolites. The efficiency of AA in protecting the somatic cells of D. melanogaster against mutation and recombination induced by DXR is dependent on the dose used and the protection is directly related to the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory effects of the antioxidant ascorbic acid on the direct genotoxicity of doxorubicin in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster

2007

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“…Pereira et al Statistical diagnoses according to Frei and Würgler [1988;1995]. U-test, two-sided; probability levels: -, Frei et al (1992).…”

Section: Antigenotoxic Effects Of Panax Ginseng 949mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequencies of each type of mutant clone per fly in a treated series were compared pair-wise (i.e., negative control vs. Pg; DOX alone vs. DOX plus Pg) using the conditional binomial test described by Kastenbaun and Bowman (1970). For the final statistical analysis of all positive outcomes, the non-parametric MannWhitney U-test with α = β = 0.05 was used to exclude false positive results (Frei and Würgler, 1995). The frequencies of clone induction per 10 5 cells were used to determine the recombinogenic activity based on the following parameters: mutation frequency (F M ) = frequency of clones in BH flies/frequency of clones in MH flies, recombination frequency (F R ) = 1-F M , frequency of the total number of spots (F T ) = total number of spots in MH flies (considering mwh and flr 3 spots)/number of flies, frequency of mutation = F T x F M and frequency of recombination = F T x F R (Santos et al, 1999;Sinigaglia et al, 2006).…”

Section: Data Evaluation and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection by Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer against the genotoxicity of doxorubicin in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2008

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Panax ginseng is one of the most widely prescribed herbal medicines for the treatment of cancer, diabetes, chronic inflammation, and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Since the use of alternative medicines in combination with conventional therapy may increase the risk of unwanted interactions, we investigated the possible genotoxicity of a water-soluble form of the dry root of P. ginseng (2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 mg/mL) and its ability to protect against the genotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX; 0.125 mg/mL) by using the Drosophila melanogaster wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) with standard and high-bioactivation crosses of flies. Panax ginseng was not genotoxic at the concentrations tested, whereas DOX-induced genotoxicity in marker-heterozygous flies resulted mainly from mitotic recombination. At low concentrations, P. ginseng had antirecombinogenic activity that was independent of the concentration of extract used. Recombination events may promote cancer, but little is known about the ability of P. ginseng to inhibit such recombination or modulate DNA repair mechanisms.

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“…Statistical comparisons were made using the Kastenbaum and Bowman (1970) test for proportions and followed a multiple-decision procedure according to Frei and Würgler (1988). For the final statistical analysis of all positive outcomes, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test with significance levels α = β = 0.05 was used in order to exclude false positives (Frei and Würgler, 1995).…”

Section: The D Melanogaster Smart Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenotoxic effects of Mandevilla velutina (Gentianales, Apocynaceae) crude extract on cyclophosphamide-induced micronuclei in Swiss mice and urethane-induced somatic mutation and recombination in Drosophila melanogaster

Silva

Sousa

Gräf³

et al. 2008

Genet. Mol. Biol.

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A Mandevilla velutina crude extract was investigated using the mouse micronucleus test (MNT) and the Drosophila melanogaster somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) using standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses. The MNT used 10 mg, 20 mg or 40 mg per 100 g of body weight (bw) of extract with and without 0.2 mg per 100 g bw peritoneal cyclophosphamide. There was no genotoxicity in the negative control or extract only groups and, compared to the cyclophosphamide control, there was a significant reduction in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in all the groups given extract plus cyclophosphamide. For SMART larvae were fed 5 or 10 mg mL -1 of extract for seven days with and without 0.89 mg mL -1 of urethane given on day seven. The ST and HB flies showed no significant differences in spots between the negative control and the extract only groups. The number of urethane-induced spots was reduced by the highest concentration of extract for the ST flies and by both concentrations of extract for the HB flies. The results suggest that M. velutina extract is not genotoxic but is antigenotoxic.

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Optimal experimental design and sample size for the statistical evaluation of data from somatic mutation and recombination tests (SMART) in Drosophila

Cited by 189 publications

References 9 publications

Modulatory effects of the antioxidant ascorbic acid on the direct genotoxicity of doxorubicin in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster

Modulatory effects of the antioxidant ascorbic acid on the direct genotoxicity of doxorubicin in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster

Protection by Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer against the genotoxicity of doxorubicin in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster

Antigenotoxic effects of Mandevilla velutina (Gentianales, Apocynaceae) crude extract on cyclophosphamide-induced micronuclei in Swiss mice and urethane-induced somatic mutation and recombination in Drosophila melanogaster

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