Optimal Feeding Level of Burbot Larvae Fed Artemia spp. and Reared under Controlled Conditions

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal feeding level of Burbot Lota lota larvae fed freshly hatched brine shrimp Artemia spp. nauplii during three different rearing periods: (1) 22–34 d posthatch (DPH), (2) 34–46 DPH, and (3) 46–58 DPH. The 36‐d experiment was performed in an experimental recirculating aquaculture system in 1‐L tanks. The stocking density was 100 individuals/L during the first and the second period, and 50 individuals/L during the third period. Temperature was 17.0 ± 0.1°C, and the photoperiod was 24 h (24 h light : 0 h dark) during the entire experiment. In each period, five experimental groups (in triplicates) were fed with a different ration: 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10% of biomass/d. The feeding rations were calculated according to the dry matter of Artemia, and the larvae were fed 3 times/d. The feeding ration was determined each morning (for each tank) before first feeding based on wet body weight (WBW ± 0.01 g) measurements (following anesthesia in a 150‐mg/L solution of MS‐222 [tricaine methanesulfonate]) and after counting dead fish. The survival rate in all groups during the entire experiment was always above 90%. Results showed that after 22 DPH (WBW = 3.3–4.5 mg; –TL = 7.8–9.3 mm) and 46 DPH (WBW = 92.8–110.4 mg; TL = 21.8–22.3 mm), Burbot larvae must receive a dose of 4% of biomass of Artemia nauplii dry matter (p < 0.05). After 34 DPH (WBW = 19.0–25.7 mg; TL = 11.9–13.6 mm), the optimal dose would be 6% of biomass (p < 0.05). These results could positively impact the economic effectiveness of intensive Burbot larviculture and be useful to both aquaculturists and scientists.

Combined effect of weaning time and co-feeding duration on growth and survival of peled Coregonus peled (Gmelin) larvae

“…The timing of weaning was found to be the most important factor for peled larvae feeding. Timing of the start of the weaning phase has also been found to be major factor in other fish species like pikeperch Sander lucioperca , totoaba Totoaba macdonaldi , burbot Lota lota, golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus or butter catfish Ompok bimaculatus (Hamza et al., ; Ma et al., ; Mata‐Sotres et al., ; Palinska‐Zarska et al., , ; Pradhan et al., ). It should be concluded that co‐feeding duration does not bring any advantage to peled larviculture.…”

Optimum stocking density and feeding level for laboratory‐reared early‐stage silver therapon ( Leiopotherapon plumbeus ) larvae

“…Such finding was not observed in burbot larvae, which showed increased larval growth and survival with increasing ration level (Wocher et al., 2011). Estimating minimum feeding levels is critical since feeding larvae with live food prey entails high costs (Baskerville‐Bridges & Kling, 2000; Palińska‐Żarska et al., 2015). In the present study, a feeding level of 5 nauplii/mL at day 7 resulted in significantly higher body weight, suggesting that larvae benefitted from high feeding levels at this period, but did not affect larval performance during the rest of the feeding period.…”

Weaning of Burbot, Lota lota (L.) from Live to Dry Feed Using NaCl as Dietary Attractant

“…At the onset of exogenous feeding its digestive system is only poorly developed (Lahnsteiner, 2016) and larvae require live feed as e.g. zooplankton (Lahnsteiner, Kletzl, & Weismann, 2012a) or Artemia (Wocher, Harsányi, & Schwarz, 2012;Palińska-Żarska, Żarski, Krejszeff, Kupren, Łączyńska, & Kucharczyk, 2015). Therefore, weaning to artificial dry feed is necessary when fish are reared for aquaculture purposes.…”