Optimal hydraulic energy harvesting strategy for PaT installation in Water Distribution Networks

Prediction method of centrifugal pump running in turbine mode based on losses analysis

“…PAT performances prediction can be classified into three manners; theoretical, experimental and CFD methods, but the lack of accuracy within the individual approaches are generally caused by the weak interaction between the flow physics and the machine body [18] . For the sake of completeness we can also mention that authors such as Stefanizzi et al [26] have already focused on the definition of the PAT limit curves (blocked rotor and runaway curves). These curves are important to understand the operational limits of the PAT but remain out of scope of the present paper.…”

Optimal Selection and Operation of Pumps as Turbines for Maximizing Energy Recovery

“…Finally, PAT characteristic curves should be employed to assess the actual energy recovery. The methodology proposed in Stefanizzi et al [19] was aimed at selecting the optimal pump from commercial catalogues by means of the PAT's specific speed, which can be calculated by using site characteristics (i.e., mean flow rate and mean head). Novara and McNabola [20] discretized the hydraulic site domain in which each flow rate and head coordinate corresponds to the BEP of an ideal PAT.…”

“…Despite the considerable number of studies dealing with the selection of the optimal PAT, none of them proved to be an indisputable benchmark to follow [19]. Indeed, in most cases, they are difficult to replicate at a different site.…”

“…Indeed, in most cases, they are difficult to replicate at a different site. In addition, most methodologies derive the PAT characteristic curves by means of an empirical correlation by introducing errors in the estimation of PAT performance [19] and energy recovery, accordingly.…”