“…This does not change the fundamental identifiability of the model; however, careful design of experiments can improve the informativity of the collected data to determining accurate estimation of values for certain parameters. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests, charge and discharge tests conducted at different rates, pulse tests, tests at different temperatures, tests around different cell states of charge, sensitivity analysis, or any combination of these can be used [31,45,38,83,85,86,84,51].…”