“…On the other hand, comparing Figure 13 to Figure 10, it is clear that the absence of visual inspection measurements right after the deterioration jump events leads to a severe underestimation of the underlying true deterioration state. For the same heuristic thresholds as the ones in Figure 10, the actions corresponding to Figure 13 (without SHM) are inspections at t insp = [5,10,15,20,25,30,35,37,38,44,49] and repair at t rep = 38, i.e., two years after the repair informed by SHM, with an increased risk of failure during this time period. For this single realization, in the second case study,…”