Optimal Installation Location of Escape Route Signs at T-Type Intersections

Abstract

This study analyzed the decision-making times (DMTs) of participants at T-type indoor intersections according to the horizontal/vertical installation locations and the arrow directions of escape route signs. A total of 120 university students participated in the study. We analyzed the DMTs and following rates (FRs) required for the participants to observe the visual stimuli of the signs installed in front of the T-type indoor intersections and then properly select a path according to the arrow direction of the signs. The results are as follows: (1) the participants exhibited shorter DMTs for the right arrow direction of the signs, (2) the Simon effect occurred when the horizontal installation location of the signs was more than 60 cm away from the center of the T-type indoor intersection on both sides, (3) the DMTs of participants increased when the vertical installation location of the signs was low. Finally, we proposed an optimal installation location of the signs to support the shortest DMTs at T-type indoor intersections. It is expected that the results of this study will provide a database of DMTs, based on the locations of the signs during emergency evacuations, and will be utilized to improve the installation guidelines and regulations of signs.

Verify the Validity of Guidance Sign in Buildings: A New Method Based on Mixed Reality with Eye Tracking Device

“…Kim et al [2] Real experiment Corridor (simulated fire) Video Recording Kobes M et al [3] Real experiment Hotel Building (Night) Video Recording Nilsson D et al [8] Real experiment Buildings and road tunnels Questionnaire and Video Recording L Filippidis P L E G [16] Simulation Simulate complex buildings record evacuation time Ronchi E N D [20] VR experiment VR road tunnel Questionnaire Bae et al [21] Real experiment T-junction Desktop eye trackers collect data Fu L et al [26] Real experiment simulated fire situations Questionnaire and Video Recording Kwee-Meier S T et al [27] Real experiment Simulate a passenger ship tilts Questionnaire and Video Recording Li H et al [33] Real experiment Mall Eye trackers collect data Gruden C et al [34] Real experiment three different intersections Eye trackers collect data Sun C et al [35] Real experiment Mall Eye trackers collect data Carrasco M et al [37] MR & Real experiment Architectural design MR and traditional 2D methods Ma X et al [41] VR experiment indoor passage Eye trackers collect data Changkun et al [42] Simulation simulation of terrorist attack Cellular Automata Model…”

“…Kim et al [2] conducted some experiments considering viewing distance and angle using a backlit signage system, introduced the concept of effective cognition area (ECA), and analyzed cognitive changes under smog conditions. Bae et al [21] analyzed the decision time and follow-up rate required for participants to observe visual stimuli of signs preceding a T-junction. It was found that participants showed shorter decision time to the right arrow direction of the sign, and decision time increased when the sign was mounted in a lower vertical position.…”

Visualization Analysis of Emergency Exit Signs Literature Based on CiteSpace

“…Location and color are the two primary objectives in emergency exit signs research. The horizontal or vertical position of a sign [55], as well as whether it is placed high, in the middle, or low [1,65], has different effects on evacuation. In China, the standard color for emergency exit signs is green, but it is often red in the United States and Canada [88].…”