Optimal layout of tourist toilets using resilience theory: An empirical study on Dunhua City in ethnic region of China

Abstract

The provision of adequate and equitable sanitation services is one of the world’s urgent challenges. Optimizing the layout of tourist toilets is key to both meeting the sanitation demand of the visiting public and building an inclusive and civilised society. Nevertheless, the need for a consistent optimization of tourist toilets is overlooked in developing countries, especially in ethnic regions that are highly dependent on tourism. Taking Dunhua, a city in an ethnic region renowned for tourism on China’s border with North Korea as an example, this study enables an optimization framework of a comprehensive tourist toilet layout based on Holling’s concept of resilience by constructing an AHP index, obtaining Point of Interest (POI) data through Python, and aided by GIS visual analysis and Location-allocation (LA) modelling, aiming to support scientific planning and decision making of public facilities in tourist destinations like Dunhua. It also serves as a reference for places of tourism in other countries dedicated to promoting ecotourism and public health.

Study on Livelihood Resilience of Rural Residents under the Rural Revitalization Strategy in Ethnic Areas of Western Sichuan, China

“…In recent years, the government has taken many measures to provide impetus for the development of the region. For instance, the government has continued to increase ecological protection and strengthen rural infrastructure construction, with the aim of making the countryside a beautiful home where people can live and work in peace and contentment [72]. Based on this, the government needs to continue to implement professional skills training in tourism and increase preferential strategies for tourism operations.…”

Optimal Layout Plan of Stands at the Macao Food Festival via Minimizing the Electrostatic Potential Energy with the Effective Charge as Popularity of Stands

“…Since the utilization efficiency of regional tourism industry elements can be improved by a rational spatial organization of the tourism industry [10] , various places are using optimal layout trying to optimize the facilities, such as proposing a macro layout planning method to better serve self-driving tour travelers [11] , or layout optimization of tourist toilets. [12] It can even be used to solve problems like using mathematical optimization to determine the optimal layout of a dining room during the era of COVID-19 [13] , within the intended span of a metro station, address the layout planning of a public bicycle system [14] or even improve the damping effect of the MR damper. [15] However, no article to date has been done on optimal stands locations for the Macau Food Festival.…”