Optimal location and scheduling of booster chlorination stations for drinking water distribution system

Goyal, Roopali V.; Patel, H. M.

doi:10.1080/23249676.2015.1128367

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The analysis of water quality requires the consideration of the lower and upper bounds for chlorine concentration, which have been established at 0.2 mg/L and 4 mg/L [4,5], respectively. A simulation of the network was conducted for 480 h to ensure stability and periodicity, with the final 24 h of the simulation dedicated to calculating water quality for the estimation of the lower-and upper-bound response matrices.…”

Section: Network Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While chlorine is an effective disinfectant, high concentrations can have adverse effects on human health and affect the taste and odor of the water, making it unpleasant to consume [3]. To ensure a balance between pathogen control and the reduction of DBPs [4], guidelines for safe chlorine concentrations have been established in different countries, with general limits ranging from 0.2 mg/L to 4.0 mg/L [5,6]. To maintain safe chlorine levels, booster chlorination stations are strategically placed and optimally operated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Robust Optimal Booster Disinfectant Injection in Water Systems under Uncertainty

Boindala

Jaykrishnan

Ostfeld

2023

Water

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Water distribution systems (WDSs) require high-quality water for safe consumption. To achieve this, disinfectants such as chlorine are often added to the water in the system. However, it is important to regulate the levels of chlorine to ensure they fall within acceptable limits. The higher limit is to control disinfection by-products, while the lower limit is established to guarantee that the water is free of organic contaminants. The rate at which chlorine reacts within the pipes is affected by various factors, such as the type of pipe, its age, the pH level of the water, the temperature, and others. This variability makes it challenging to accurately model water quality in WDSs, which can impact the optimal rate of booster injection. To address the uncertainty in the chlorine reaction rate, the current research proposes a robust counterpart reformulation of the booster chlorination scheduling problem, which considers the chlorination reaction rate as uncertain. The proposed reformulation was tested on two benchmark WDSs and analyzed with a thorough sensitivity analysis. The results showed that as the size of the uncertainty set increased, the injection mass also increased. This reformulated approach can be applied to any WDS and provides a way to obtain optimal scheduling within the desired protection levels.

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Section: Network Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Optimal Booster Disinfectant Injection in Water Systems under Uncertainty

Boindala

Jaykrishnan

Ostfeld

2023

Water

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“…These studies examined various aspects, such as optimizing booster injection schedules [4,[7][8][9][10] and booster location [5]. Some studies explored combinations of booster scheduling and location [11][12][13][14]. In addition, chlorine injection schedule optimization was extended to include hydraulic controls as decision variables, such as pump scheduling [15,16] and valve operations [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Chlorine Injection Schedule in Water Distribution Networks Using Water Age and Breadth-First Search Algorithm

Frederick,

Marlim,

Kang

2024

Water

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Chlorine decay over time and distance travelled poses challenges in maintaining consistent chlorine levels from treatment plants to demand nodes in water distribution networks (WDNs). Many studies have focused on optimizing chlorine booster systems and addressing dosage and location. This study proposes a chlorine injection optimization model for maintaining spatial and temporal chlorine residuals within an acceptable range. First, the approach involves identifying potential pathways from the source to demand nodes using a breadth-first search (BFS) algorithm. Subsequently, the required chlorine injection to maintain a 0.2 mg/L residual chlorine level at demand nodes is estimated based on water age. Finally, a single-objective genetic algorithm optimizes the chlorine injection schedule at the source. The results demonstrated that chlorine estimation based on water age exhibited promising results with an average error below 10%. In addition, the four-interval injection scheme performed well in adapting to changing demand patterns, making the method robust to varying demand patterns. Moreover, the model could accommodate fluctuating water temperature conditions according to operating seasons. This study provides valuable insights into effectively managing chlorine levels and operations of WDNs, and paves the way for using water age for chlorine estimation.

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“…The residual amount of the disinfectant during storage and distribution of drinking water is the most important factor to select the kind of disinfectant. Chlorine is the most common disinfectant in water supply systems due to its residual preservation, effective performance and economical aspect [4,6]. Chlorine decays along pipes and in storage reservoirs in water content and pipe walls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dividing the Water Transmission Pipe Line in Modeling Residual Chlorine, Case Study: Isfahan Water Transmission Line

Frozandeh

Dehnavi

Shanehsazzadeh

2021

Preprint

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In assessing the quality of drinking water in transmission and distribution lines, the study on chlorine reactions is of particular importance. Chlorine decay happens in bulk and wall and it is mainly affected by the water age which depends on the transmission line length. Residual chlorine concentration in Isfahan water transmission line (IWTL) is simulated through three decay models, namely the first order, parallel first order and second order single reactant (SR model) which incorporated in EPANET and EPANET MSX, respectively. The results of the models are compared through two approaches, one is the one-part approach (OPA) whereby chlorine decay simulation is performed taking into account the whole line as one section and the second is multi-part approach (MPA) whereby the line is divided into two sections and decay coefficients of chlorine for each section are separately determined. Results show that in the OPA, the SR model in summer and the parallel model in winter are the best kinetic models. While in the MPA, the results of first order model has the same order of accuracy as the more complex models of parallel and SR models. In general, the simple first order model in the MPA applied by EPANET2.0 s/w provides acceptable level of accuracy in compare to the complex models applied in EPANET MSX s/w. The average RMSE volumes are reduced from 0.078 in OPA to 0.029 in MPA in summer and from 0.059 to 0.015 in winter, indicating that the dividing the line in simulation procedure and considering the individual decay coefficient for each part, considerably improves the results, more effectively than the application of advanced decay models.

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Optimal location and scheduling of booster chlorination stations for drinking water distribution system

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Robust Optimal Booster Disinfectant Injection in Water Systems under Uncertainty

Robust Optimal Booster Disinfectant Injection in Water Systems under Uncertainty

Optimization of Chlorine Injection Schedule in Water Distribution Networks Using Water Age and Breadth-First Search Algorithm

Effect of Dividing the Water Transmission Pipe Line in Modeling Residual Chlorine, Case Study: Isfahan Water Transmission Line

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