Optimal Location and Sizing of Electric Bus Battery Swapping Station in Microgrid Systems by Considering Revenue Maximization

Abstract

The radical increase in the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) has in turn increased the number of associated problems. Long waiting times at charging stations are a major barrier to the widespread adoption of EVs. Therefore, battery swapping stations (BSSs) are an efficient solution that considers short waiting times and healthy recharging cycles for battery systems. Moreover, swapping stations have emerged as a great opportunity not only for EVs, but also for power systems, with regulation services that can be provided to the grid particularly for small networks, such as microgrid (MG) systems. In this study, the optimum location and size that maximize the revenue of a swap station in an MG system are investigated. To the best of our knowledge, this study is first to solve the placing and sizing problem in the MG from the perspective of a BSS. The results indicate that bus 23 is the BSS's optimal location and is crucial for maximizing revenue and addressing issues like the provision of ancillary services in microgrid system. Finally, the swap demand profile of the station serving electric bus public transportation system was obtained using an analytical model based on public transportation data collected in Berlin, Germany.

Optimal Placement of Battery Swapping Stations for Power Quality Improvement: A Novel Multi Techno-Economic Objective Function Approach

“…The prevailing body of research on BSSs primarily focuses on using diverse methodologies to optimize the costs associated with charging operations. Among the first works devoted to BSS was one [2] that established an optimization model for the method. When modeling the optimization issue, the authors took into account both the unpredictability of swap demand and the need to look forward by one day.…”

“…Minimizing the cost of BSS operations was the goal of an optimization problem addressed in [3]. The authors provide a model in [1][2][3][4] that examines the battery swap patterns of electric vehicle (EV) owners using data from survey research. The model also suggests an optimal charging method for EVs.…”

“…Furthermore, the placement of BSSs in the network can impact power quality and network reliability. However, it is noteworthy that the previous research studies have not extensively explored this aspect [2]. Therefore, the location of BSSs within a power system is a critical factor that affects operational costs.…”

Charging Dispatching Strategy for Islanded Microgrid Battery-Swapping Stations

“…On the one hand, island microgrids obtain power from distributed power supplies; on the other hand, they supply power to battery-swapping stations and ordinary users [10,11]. Power distributed through an electronic inverter converts from direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) to supply microgrids; a power electronic rectifier allows a microgrid to function as an AC rectifier to charge batteries.…”