Optimal macronutrient balance

Gibney, Michael J.

doi:10.1017/s0029665199000555

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Obesity develops when energy intake is greater than energy expenditure; therefore, an LF diet has been promoted as a means to reduce overall energy intake in humans. 27,28 Controversy exists as to the influence of dietary fat on the prevalence of obesity and the efficacy of an LF diet in reducing obesity 29,30 ; however, this may be an issue that is specific to humans. Other species are not influenced by the same social or lifestyle-bound factors, and it may be argued that when an LF diet is the only available food, this dietary approach is likely to be successful in controlling body weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary fat and energy on body weight and composition after gonadectomy in cats

Nguyen¹,

Dumon²,

Siliart³

et al. 2004

ajvr

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary fat and energy on body weight and composition after gonadectomy in cats

Nguyen¹,

Dumon²,

Siliart³

et al. 2004

ajvr

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“…The literature has reported for years that low‐fat, high‐carbohydrate diets are associated with unfavorable decreases in HDL levels (for a representative review, see Ref. 60). In general, however, this risk factor is not well‐understood.…”

Section: The Controversymentioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolic effects of low‐carbohydrate diets and incorporation into a biochemistry course

Pogozelski

Arpaia

Priore

2005

Biochem Molecular Bio Educ

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One of the challenges in teaching biochemistry is facilitating students' interest in and mastery of metabolism. The many pathways and modes of regulation can be overwhelming for students to learn and difficult for professors to teach in an engaging manner. We have found it useful to take advantage of prevailing interest in popular yet controversial weight-loss methods, particularly low-carbohydrate diets. The metabolic rationale behind these eating plans can be linked to glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, lipolysis, gluconeogenesis, ketosis, glycogen metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and hormonal regulation. When this approach was used in undergraduate biochemistry classes at the State University of New York at Geneseo, students were highly motivated to learn the biochemical principles behind these diets. The following provides information about low-carbohydrate diet plans that will enable professors to speak authoritatively on the subject. History and studies regarding efficacy as well as biochemical metabolic effects are included.

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“…However, low-fat diets are often accompanied by a simultaneously increased carbohydrate intake, and subsequently by a reduction of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and an increase of serum triglycerides (Mensink & Katan, 1992). An optimum combination of macronutrients should be guaranteed to avoid this effect (Gibney, 1999). However, according to the American Dietary Guidelines, a reduction of total fat intake is generally recommended as a primary preventive measurement in order to meet nutritional adequacy to reduce the risk of chronic diseases (Johnson & Kennedy, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double-blind, randomized feedback control fails to improve the hypocholesterolemic effect of a plant-based low-fat diet in patients with moderately elevated total cholesterol levels

et al. 2004

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Objective: To determine whether the cholesterol-lowering effect of a plant-based low-fat diet can be improved by a flexible control design that controls the extent of fat reduction based on the individual response of blood cholesterol. Design: Randomized, double-blind intervention study. Setting: A hotel in Prerow, Germany. Subjects: A total of 32 participants (21 female and 11 male participants) with total cholesterol level45.7 mmol/l. Intervention: The control group consumed a plant-based low-fat diet with constantly 20% of energy as fat; the intervention group received a diet with either 20 or 15% of energy as fat, depending on the serum cholesterol response of the preceding week. A flexible control design based on the individual cholesterol response during a run-in period of 1 week was used within a low-fat intervention. Results: During the run-in period, the consumption of a plant-based low-fat diet led to a reduction in total cholesterol by 1876 mmol/l (Po0.001), in LDL cholesterol by 1979 mmol/l (Po0.001) and triglycerides by 1373 mmol/l (Po0.001). During the feedback control period, an additional reduction in total cholesterol by 1378 (Po0.001) and in LDL cholesterol by 17711 (Po0.001) was observed compared to 15715 and 7718 in the control group. The effect of an additional feedback control was only marginal and not statistically significant compared to the effect of the low-fat diet alone. Conclusions: On a level of fat intake already reduced to 20% of energy, the use of a feedback control to adapt the fat content of the diet depending on the individual serum cholesterol response was not more effective in reducing blood cholesterol levels than a plant-based low-fat diet alone.

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Optimal macronutrient balance

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of dietary fat and energy on body weight and composition after gonadectomy in cats

Effects of dietary fat and energy on body weight and composition after gonadectomy in cats

The metabolic effects of low‐carbohydrate diets and incorporation into a biochemistry course

Double-blind, randomized feedback control fails to improve the hypocholesterolemic effect of a plant-based low-fat diet in patients with moderately elevated total cholesterol levels

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