“…The limited regenerative capacity of the adult heart has propelled cell therapy to the forefront as a potential remedy for myocardial infarction (MI), a predominant global health concern. , Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered attention due to their capacity to counteract myocardial injury and restore cardiac function, leveraging their antiapoptotic, angiogenic, and immunoregulatory attributes, primarily mediated by paracrine factors. , Yet, their clinical potential is compromised by a mere 2% posttransplantation retention rate in the damaged heart, a challenge exacerbated by factors such as anoikic apoptosis, poor homing capability, “washout” effects, and the hostile myocardial environment. − …”