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In an increasingly urbanized world, the scarcity of space is a growing problem along with land consumption and soil sealing. To achieve sustainable development and sustainable land use, society has to resolve conflicts between residential, industrial, transport, commercial and green areas while creating a balance between social, economic and ecological targets. However, coordination of sustainable land use is a challenge for policymakers. The paper examines whether the withdrawal of land from the agricultural land fund leads to development, measured both by the increase in domestic entrepreneurial activity, as well as by the increase in foreign direct investments. The results are based on the analysis of panel data on the amount of land withdrawal, newly established firms and inward flow of FDI covering 41 administrative districts of Slovak Republic over 9 years (6 years in case of the FDI, due to the availability of data). Additionally, the spatial Durbin panel model was used to examine, whether land withdrawal and its non-agricultural use generate positive spillover effects on surrounding regions in terms of increased entrepreneurial activity and flow of FDI. Keywords:withdrawal of agricultural land, regional development, entrepreneurial activity, spatial Durbin panel model, foreign direct investment Abstrakt: V čoraz viac urbanizovanom svete je nedostatok priestoru narastajúcim problémom spolu s úbytkom pôdy a jej nepriepustným pokrytím. Na dosiahnutie trvalo udržateľného rozvoja a trvalo udržateľného využívania pôdy musí spoločnosť riešiť konflikty medzi rezidenčnými, priemyselnými, dopravnými, obchodnými a zelenými oblasťami a vytvárať rovnováhu medzi sociálnymi, ekonomickými a ekologickými cieľmi. Koordinácia udržateľného využívania pôdy je však výzvou pre tvorcov politík. Príspevok skúma, či odňatie pôdy z poľnohospodárskeho pôdneho fondu vedie k rozvoju meranému tak zvýšením domácej podnikateľskej aktivity, ako aj zvýšením priamych zahraničných investícií. Výsledky sú založené na analýze panelových dát o množstve odňatej poľnohospodárskej pôdy, novozaložených podnikoch a priamych tokoch PZI pokrývajúcich 41 administratívnych obvodov Slovenskej republiky za 9 rokov (6 rokov v prípade PZI, podľa dostupnosti údajov). Navyše, priestorový Durbin panel model bol použitý na preskúmanie toho, či odňatie poľnohospodárskej pôdy a jej použitie na nepoľnohospodársky účel generuje pozitívne efekty prelievania na okolité regióny z hľadiska zvýšenej podnikateľskej aktivity a toku PZI. Kľúčové slová: odňatie poľnohospodárskej pôdy, regionálny rozvoj, podnikateľská aktivita, priestorový Durbin panel model, priame zahraničné investície
In an increasingly urbanized world, the scarcity of space is a growing problem along with land consumption and soil sealing. To achieve sustainable development and sustainable land use, society has to resolve conflicts between residential, industrial, transport, commercial and green areas while creating a balance between social, economic and ecological targets. However, coordination of sustainable land use is a challenge for policymakers. The paper examines whether the withdrawal of land from the agricultural land fund leads to development, measured both by the increase in domestic entrepreneurial activity, as well as by the increase in foreign direct investments. The results are based on the analysis of panel data on the amount of land withdrawal, newly established firms and inward flow of FDI covering 41 administrative districts of Slovak Republic over 9 years (6 years in case of the FDI, due to the availability of data). Additionally, the spatial Durbin panel model was used to examine, whether land withdrawal and its non-agricultural use generate positive spillover effects on surrounding regions in terms of increased entrepreneurial activity and flow of FDI. Keywords:withdrawal of agricultural land, regional development, entrepreneurial activity, spatial Durbin panel model, foreign direct investment Abstrakt: V čoraz viac urbanizovanom svete je nedostatok priestoru narastajúcim problémom spolu s úbytkom pôdy a jej nepriepustným pokrytím. Na dosiahnutie trvalo udržateľného rozvoja a trvalo udržateľného využívania pôdy musí spoločnosť riešiť konflikty medzi rezidenčnými, priemyselnými, dopravnými, obchodnými a zelenými oblasťami a vytvárať rovnováhu medzi sociálnymi, ekonomickými a ekologickými cieľmi. Koordinácia udržateľného využívania pôdy je však výzvou pre tvorcov politík. Príspevok skúma, či odňatie pôdy z poľnohospodárskeho pôdneho fondu vedie k rozvoju meranému tak zvýšením domácej podnikateľskej aktivity, ako aj zvýšením priamych zahraničných investícií. Výsledky sú založené na analýze panelových dát o množstve odňatej poľnohospodárskej pôdy, novozaložených podnikoch a priamych tokoch PZI pokrývajúcich 41 administratívnych obvodov Slovenskej republiky za 9 rokov (6 rokov v prípade PZI, podľa dostupnosti údajov). Navyše, priestorový Durbin panel model bol použitý na preskúmanie toho, či odňatie poľnohospodárskej pôdy a jej použitie na nepoľnohospodársky účel generuje pozitívne efekty prelievania na okolité regióny z hľadiska zvýšenej podnikateľskej aktivity a toku PZI. Kľúčové slová: odňatie poľnohospodárskej pôdy, regionálny rozvoj, podnikateľská aktivita, priestorový Durbin panel model, priame zahraničné investície
In Chapter 1, the author considers the overall evolving ontological significance of entrepreneurship as a mindset in structural developmental change facilitating both local and rural economic development. Here it is illustrated that entrepreneurship itself is demanding new, non-divisive, non-mechanical developmental approaches to local economic development, in the sense that the current concepts which recognize this approach need to be fostered holistically in order to work well in modern economics. It is further conceived that both in local economic development and entrepreneurship, proposals based on indivisible developmental wholeness offer a much more effective way of approaching the general social-economic and rural reality. In subsequent chapters it will be further shown that rural regions can in fact greatly benefit from these notions. The author indicates that some regions are not able to attract investment and ensure sustainable development while regional and rural development agencies with entrepreneurial thinking offer many available strategic options.
In Chapter 4, the author profiled and illustrated rural regions as a potential peripheral economy. The specific context is looking at the use of this theory in a complex way by upgrading these regions innovatively in order to significantly contribute to economic development through dynamic developmental operations and strategic orientation of their businesses. Analyzed and compared are concepts and regions in terms of mutual cooperation, growth, and leadership role of founders. The chapter is concerned with making the first steps in the process of developing consistent concepts of local rural development for overcoming an alienated and peripheral economy. The developmental approach has, from the beginning, been that the concepts concerning rural development and the great potential of entrepreneurship are in a continuous process of advancement, and that one may have to start with ideas that are merely some sort of improvement over what has thus far been available to go on from there to ideas that are more profound.
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