Optimal Nozzle Position and Patient’s Posture to Enhance Drug Delivery into the Peritoneum during Rotational Intraperitoneal Pressurized Aerosol Chemotherapy in a Swine Model

Abstract

Even though rotational intraperitoneal pressurized aerosol chemotherapy (RIPAC) has been developed to improve the distribution and penetration depth of anti-cancer agents by pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC), the optimal nozzle position and patient’s posture have not been investigated. Thus, we used nine pigs weighing 50–60 kg, and sprayed 150 mL of 1% methylene blue as an aerosol through the nozzle, DreamPen® (Dreampac Corp., Wonju, Republic of Korea), with a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min under a pressure of 140 to 150 psi for RIPAC in six and three pigs with supine and Trendelenburg positions, respectively. When we evaluated its distribution and penetration depth, even distribution among 13 regions of the abdomen was observed in three pigs with Trendelenburg position regardless of the depth of the nozzle. Regarding penetration depth, the numbers of regions with maximal penetration depth were high in the 2 cm depth of the nozzle with supine position (n = 5) and the 4 cm depth with Trendelenburg position (n = 3). Conclusively, even distribution and maximal penetration of anti-cancer agents can be expected during RIPAC in the medium depth (4 cm) between the nozzle inlet and the visceral peritoneum located on the opposite side of it and the Trendelenburg position.

Intraoperative parameters and postoperative follow-up of foam-based intraperitoneal chemotherapy (FBIC)

“…Novel substances have also been used for intraperitoneal delivery however some show limited drug tissue penetration ( Mikolajczyk et al, 2018b ). Therefore, new delivery methods have been presented to improve IPC ( Buggisch et al, 2022 ; Hwang et al, 2022 ). For the patients to have a better outcome, new physical methods of drug delivery have been used to enhance the antitumoral effect of IPC ( Khosrawipour et al, 2016b ; Khosrawipour et al, 2023a ).…”

“…The advantage of PIPAC delivery is due to the physics behind its aerosolized application method ( Göhler et al, 2017 ; Mikolajczyk et al, 2018a ; Khosrawipour et al, 2019 ). Furthermore, a large amount of research has been conducted to try to further improve this technology ( Lau et al, 2020 ; Diakun et al, 2022a ; Diakun et al, 2022b ; Diakun et al, 2022c ; Hwang et al, 2022 ).…”