Optimal operation of a low‐voltage distribution network with renewable distributed generation by NaS battery and demand response strategy: a case study in a trial site

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyse possible strategies for control and management of an existing lowvoltage (LV) network, also with a supervisor control and data acquisition system with future internet potentialities, in order to flatten the network voltage profile, to improve the power factor at medium voltage supplying busbars, to minimise the overall power losses and then to reduce operating costs. In particular, operational records of the LV network have been acquired over a period of 8 months, with a time rate of 4 snapshots per hour (23,232 measures), and different possible scenarios (each of which compatible with the pilot plant control system and power management) have been analysed. On the base of simulation results carried out by power flow (PF), and optimal PF, studies, the effectiveness, in terms of cost-benefits analysis, of the installation of a suitable sized battery energy storage system, as well as of the implementation of a demand response strategy, has been also assessed. The main results of simulations, measurements and experimental tests are reported and discussed in detail.

Application of a LiFePO4 Battery Energy Storage System to Primary Frequency Control: Simulations and Experimental Results

“…The "smart grid" paradigm envisages a massive presence of non-programmable renewable energy sources: in this context, battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are liable to play a key role at both distribution and transmission level, given their potential ability to fulfill roles such as load shifting, peak shaving, frequency and also voltage control [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Moreover, BESSs have also been proposed in integration to electric power systems supplying traction and mobility systems, with the aim to maximize the energy efficiency [7][8][9][10].…”

Bilevel optimization framework for impact analysis of DR on optimal accommodation of PV and BESS in distribution system

“…The coordination of consumers with price‐based DR is used to minimize the energy consumption cost and peak rebounds . The implementation of DR has shown better technical benefits such as power losses and voltage profile for the Finnish distribution network . Roscoe and Ault has employed a coordinated approach of DR and DGs to mitigate impact of intermittent nature of renewables.…”

“…The DR has successfully achieved many objectives of smart grid. 1,[23][24][25][26][27][28] The coordination of consumers with pricebased DR is used to minimize the energy consumption cost and peak rebounds. 24 The implementation of DR has shown better technical benefits such as power losses and voltage profile for the Finnish distribution network.…”

“…24 The implementation of DR has shown better technical benefits such as power losses and voltage profile for the Finnish distribution network. 25 Roscoe and Ault 26 has employed a coordinated approach of DR and DGs to mitigate impact of intermittent nature of renewables. DR is implemented to minimize the risk constraints of DG owners along with reduction in demand and supply imbalances.…”

“…The DR has successfully achieved many objectives of smart grid . The coordination of consumers with price‐based DR is used to minimize the energy consumption cost and peak rebounds .…”