Optimal operation of hybrid AC/DC microgrids under uncertainty of renewable energy resources: A comprehensive review

Abstract

The hybrid AC/DC microgrids have become considerably popular as they are reliable, accessible and robust. They are utilized for solving environmental, economic, operational and power-related political issues. Having this increased necessity taken into consideration, this paper performs a comprehensive review of the fundamentals of hybrid AC/DC microgrids and describes their components. Mathematical models and valid comparisons among different renewable energy zones, control and optimization methods, power flow calculations in the presence of uncertainties related to renewable energy resources are reviewed.

Towards maximising the integration of renewable energy hybrid distributed generations for small signal stability enhancement: A review

“…Constraints are applied on the DG allocation problem to exert restrictions over the optimisation of the objective function(s) in respect of some decision variables. The most common constraints used in the optimal REHDG allocation problem formulations are grouped into seven . These are (i)Technical constraints: These are the technical constraints: •The set of power balance equality constraints placed on real and reactive power at each bus of the network (Kirchoff's current law). •The set of inequality constraints such as transformer or line overloading or capacity limits, transmission supply limits, limited buses for DG installation, etc. (ii)System reliability constraints: They ensure continuous and constant transmission and supply of power to the end users.…”

“…The renewable energy based hybrid DGs provide a viable option. They are inexhaustible, complementary, eco‐friendly, technologically mature, and economically profitable . However, the output power of renewable energy hybrid distributed generations (REHDGs) such as wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) are highly variable because it depends on solar irradiation, temperature, and wind speed, which are intermittent .…”

“…Likewise, various researchers have conducted reviews on some aspects of the REHDGs allocation expansion planning (REHDGs‐AEP) problem. Several solution strategies, formulation planning models, and emerging technologies employed in REHDGs‐AEP have been previously presented . Georgilakis and Hatziargyriou presented an overview of some formulation models and optimisation techniques used in solving optimal DG placement problem taking into account DG capacity constraints.…”

“…They are inexhaustible, complementary, eco-friendly, technologically mature, and economically profitable. 1,13 However, the output power of renewable energy hybrid distributed generations (REHDGs) such as wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) are highly variable because it depends on solar irradiation, temperature, and wind speed, which are intermittent. 3,4,14 Hence, substantial body of research has unequivocally agreed that the variability (sudden changes) of generated power, due to these renewable resources intermittencies, relative to load or vice versa results in power system oscillations.…”

“…Several solution strategies, formulation planning models, and emerging technologies employed in REHDGs-AEP have been previously presented. 4,5,[7][8][9][10]13,[35][36][37] Georgilakis and Hatziargyriou 7 presented an overview of some formulation models and optimisation techniques used in solving optimal DG placement problem taking into account DG capacity constraints. Jodehi 4 classified the previous works on distributed generation allocation problem from the perspective of used optimisation algorithm, constraints, DG technologies and types, and the kinds of uncertainties modelled.…”