The
Keywords: adaptive real coded GA, benefit cost, expenditure cost, microgridsCopyright © 2018 Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. All rights reserved.
IntroductionThe intense competition encourages electric energy producers to do all the effort to provide cheap electrical energy with good quality. Conventional generating systems typically serve loads with centralized power generation. Electrical energy is sent across long transmission lines to the load centers. Recent developments show that this fashion is becoming obsolete. Electrical energy producers began to use small to medium-scale generators that were placed directly in the load center known as distributed generation (DG) [1]. DG is considered as the answer of various limitations on conventional systems, so it is not surprising that DG has reached about 20%-30% of total energy production [2][3][4].Basically, DG is used to improve network reliability, security and power quality to customers [5]. However, with large-scale multi-type DG penetration and improper planning, the network system will face some serious problems [6][7][8] [15]. One of the most discussed elements in almost all DG evaluations is power quality. However, for a comprehensive assessment, various aspects of DG performance need to be examined including economic issues.The economical issue is an essential element to determine whether DG should be installed or not. Techno-economic analysis of PV and wind turbine WT is performed in [16] using HOMER software. This study focuses on the effort to determine the most economical combination of power plants, but the network costs are not taken into account. Optimal planning of renewable energy based DGs has been performed in [17] to maximize the worth of installing DGs. The optimization is conducted using mixed integer programming. The worth of DG installing is determined based on deferral of upgrade investments, cost of energy losses and interruption cost. Optimal planning of DGs with the aim of profit maximization is presented in [18]. Optimal location of DGs is determined using local marginal price (LMP) and Consumer Paymen (CP) index. Benefit cost is determined by LMP index, while expenditure cost is