Optimal Power Distribution of High-Voltage Coolant Heater for Electric Vehicles Through Electro-Thermofluidic Simulations

Model Characterization of High-Voltage Layer Heater for Electric Vehicles through Electro–Thermo–Fluidic Simulations

“…This method employed COMSOL's supplementary modules such as Composite Materials, AC/DC, CFD, and Heat Transfer to address the unified partial differential equations associated with multiple energy domains. This method eliminates the need for separate solvers for different physical domains, making it particularly well suited for complex systems such as HVLH and thermoelectric devices [12,[22][23][24]. In addition, COMSOL's ability to selectively apply solvers to specific energy domains further improves computational efficiency.…”

“…Moreover, the combined study of steady-state flow and heat transfer revealed that despite increased pressure drop, the symmetric type channel maintained better temperature uniformity compared to the parallel type [12]. In [12], in contrast to earlier CFD and heat transfer studies that simplified the heat source as uniform heat flux boundary conditions, the TFE structure was represented as a multi-layered shell structure. This included the addition of electric field and Joule heating calculations based on the applied voltage, enhancing the accuracy of power consumption and temperature distribution predictions.…”

“…In addition, recent findings have been published on the enhancement of parallel serpentine flow channels, achieved through simulations of steady-state flow and heat transfer [10]. Earlier studies by the author presented HVLH designs based on numerical analysis for the flow path geometry of HVLH and the optimization of the power distribution to achieve a more uniform temperature distribution [11,12]. The study in [11] introduced a design for symmetric serpentine flow channels aimed at addressing the challenges associated with machining bolt fastenings in previous serpentine channel designs referenced in [9,10].…”

“…The study in [11] introduced a design for symmetric serpentine flow channels aimed at addressing the challenges associated with machining bolt fastenings in previous serpentine channel designs referenced in [9,10]. Moreover, the combined study of steady-state flow and heat transfer revealed that despite increased pressure drop, the symmetric type channel maintained better temperature uniformity compared to the parallel type [12]. In [12], in contrast to earlier CFD and heat transfer studies that simplified the heat source as uniform heat flux boundary conditions, the TFE structure was represented as a multi-layered shell structure.…”

“…Therefore, the objective of this study is to acquire time response data through transient analysis of HVLH and to develop the HVLH's transfer function model. The transient analysis used the same simulation methodology as [12], with the modification that a step function was applied to the input voltage rather than a constant value. Parameters derived from the step response were used to model the HVLH transfer function.…”