“…Most methods are the family of meta-heuristic algorithms in which conventional methods, modified methods, combination of two different methods, and hybrid methods have been developed widely. In fact, there have been a huge number of applied methods such as the integration of improved genetic algorithm and effective decoupled quadratic load flow (IGA-EDQLF) [18], hybrid IGA with incremental power flow model (HIGA) [19], HIGA with boundary method (HIGA-BM) [20], differential evolution [21,22], conventional PSO [23], Evolving ant direction particle swarm optimization (EADPSO) [24], PSO with Pseudo-Gradient and constriction factor (PG-CF-PSO) [25], Biogeography-based optimization algorithm (BBOAA) [26] and adaptive real-coded biogeography-based optimization algorithm (ARCBBOA) [27], teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm (TLBO) [28], improved TLBO (ITLBO) [29], gravitational search algorithm (GSA) [30], Artificial bee colony algorithm (ABCA) [31], Grey wolf optimizer (GWO) [32], modified electromagnetism-like mechanism algorithm (MELMA) [33], modified Colliding Bodies Optimization algorithm (MCBOA) [34], moth swarm algorithm (MSA) [35], improved imperialist competitive algorithm (IICA) [36], cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA) [37], Gaussian bare-bones imperialist competitive algorithm (GBBICA) [38], and mathematical programming algorithm (MPA) [39]. In [18][19][20], different variants of GA have been developed in which GA has been improved first and then combined with another method for handling constraints of OPF problem.…”