Optimal pricing-based computation offloading and resource allocation for blockchain-enabled beyond 5G networks

Zhang, Kaiyuan; Gui, Xiaolin; Ren, Dewang; Du, Tingting; Xia, He

doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2021.108674

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Likewise, in [93], blockchain is utilized as a computation offloading coordinating framework by announcing offloading requests and then coordinating offloading between user equipment and edge nodes in ultra dense networks accompanied by a user matching algorithm to consider execution time and energy usage. Moreover, two computation offloading problems: device to device computation offloading and blockchain mining offloading in a 5G mobile network which are formulated as a stock market and Stackelberg game respectively, which are solved using pricing schemes has been studied in [94].…”

Section: Blockchain Grounded In Computation Offloadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Deploying Blockchain Technology for Network Mobility Management

Wijesekara

2024

International Transactions on Electrical Engineering and Comput

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In wireless mobile networks, Mobility Management (MM) is a critical aspect that involves different tasks such as handover management, location management, offloading, resource allocation, and others. Blockchain platform comprising of an array of linked blocks innately supports the incorruptibility, sustaining the authenticity, and sustain pseudonymous privacy. Traditional MM is centralized, in contrast to blockchain-grounded MM that is partially or fully decentralized in its approach. As the inaugural researchers to review on blockchain-grounded MM, we are proud to cluster the blockchain-grounded MM concept under 7 clusters and closely study each framework with respect to different aspects such as blockchain specific parameters, MM specific parameters, network parameters, and more. We gathered a sample of 92 source references by curating the articles for eligibility criteria examined from electronic archives utilizing a comprehensive and enduring way. Grounded on this inspection, blockchain-grounded MM reinforces the overall security, trust, and privacy of location management and resource allocation, blockchain-grounded secure handover, facilitating registration and authentication, automatic MM utilizing smart contracts, reducing vulnerabilities, repairing low quality data, coordination, fair scheduling, in offloading, and blockchain-grounded resource allocation. Close studying proves that out of blockchain grounded MM frameworks, 37.5% utilize blockchain grounded secure handover, 92.5% utilize simple blockchain architecture, 32.5% utilize PoW consensus, 100% distributed MM, 97.5% host grounded MM, 95% packet reordering tolerant MM, 52.5% QoS aware MM, and 12.5% proposed for 5G networks. Finally, we present the openings and obstructions of the concept of blockchain-grounded MM and then catering surmounting advices.

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Section: Blockchain Grounded In Computation Offloadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Deploying Blockchain Technology for Network Mobility Management

Wijesekara

2024

International Transactions on Electrical Engineering and Comput

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“…Many researchers have adopted the Stackelberg game model in their approaches. In [27], Zhang et al examine the application of double-auction and Stackelberg game models in the context of mobile edge computing task offloading. The double-auction concept pairs devices with limited resources with devices that share resources, guaranteeing efficient auctions.…”

Section: The Stackelberg Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reinforcement Learning-Based Reverse Auction Enforcing Smart Pricing Policies towards B5G Offloading Strategies

Kaltakis,

Dimos,

Giannoulakis

et al. 2024

Electronics

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In this paper, we present our work on developing a Smart Pricing Policies module specifically designed for individual users and Mobile Network Operators (MNOs). Our framework will operate in a multi-MNO blockchain radio access network (B-RAN) and is tasked with determining prices for resource sharing among users and MNOs. Our sophisticated adaptive pricing system can adjust to situations where User Equipment (UE) shifts out of the coverage area of their MNO by immediately sealing a contract with a different MNO to cover the users’ needs. This way, we aim to provide financial incentives to MNOs while ensuring continuous network optimization for all parties involved. Our system accomplishes that by utilizing deep reinforcement learning (DLR) to implement a reverse auction model. In our reinforcement learning scenario, the MNOs, acting as agents, enter a competition and try to bid the most appealing price based on the user’s request, and based on the reward system, agents that do not win in the current round will adjust their strategies in an attempt to secure a win in subsequent rounds. The findings indicated that combining DRL with reverse auction theory offers a more appropriate method for addressing the pricing and bid challenges, and additionally, administrators can utilize this strategy to gain a notable edge by dynamically selecting and adjusting their methods according to the individual network conditions and requirements.

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“…In addition, the interactions between edge cloud operators and CMNs are modeled with a Stackelberg game, and both uniform and differentiated pricing strategies are analyzed. Zhang et al [179] investigated both normal task and mining task offloading problems for blockchain-enabled beyond 5G networks. In particular, they used a double auction to study normal task offloading among mobile devices and further proposed a mining task offloading scheme based on the Stackelberg game.…”

Section: A Mining Task Offloadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Blockchain and Auction Models: A Survey, Some Applications, and Challenges

Laat

Grosso

Shi

2023

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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In recent years, blockchain has gained widespread attention as an emerging technology for decentralization, transparency, and immutability in advancing online activities over public networks. As an essential market process, auctions have been well studied and applied in many business fields due to their efficiency and contributions to fair trade. Complementary features between blockchain and auction models trigger a great potential for research and innovation. On the one hand, the decentralized nature of blockchain can provide a trustworthy, secure, and cost-effective mechanism to manage the auction process; on the other hand, auction models can be utilized to design incentive and consensus protocols in blockchain architectures. These opportunities have attracted enormous research and innovation activities in both academia and industry; however, there is a lack of an in-depth review of existing solutions and achievements. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive state-ofthe-art survey of these two research topics. We review the existing solutions for integrating blockchain and auction models, with some application-oriented taxonomies generated. Additionally, we highlight some open research challenges and future directions towards integrated blockchain-auction models.

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Optimal pricing-based computation offloading and resource allocation for blockchain-enabled beyond 5G networks

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

A Review on Deploying Blockchain Technology for Network Mobility Management

A Review on Deploying Blockchain Technology for Network Mobility Management

A Reinforcement Learning-Based Reverse Auction Enforcing Smart Pricing Policies towards B5G Offloading Strategies

Integration of Blockchain and Auction Models: A Survey, Some Applications, and Challenges

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