Optimal Protection Coordination for Inverter Dominated Islanded Microgrids Considering N-1 Contingency

Sati, Talal Elemamali; Azzouz, Maher A.

doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2021.3108760

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…𝑇𝐷𝑆 is the time dial setting of the relay, 𝐼 𝑝 is the pickup current, and 𝐼 𝑓 is the fault current measured by the DOCR. It is worth mentioning that OPC studies target short-circuit faults that result in overcurrent, which typically occur due to relatively low resistance faults [21,26]. Thus, this paper does not focus on high-impedance faults (HIFs).…”

Section: B Docr's Optimal Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another OPC solution is implemented for microgrids protected by dual-setting overcurrent relays that consist of IIDGs and energy storage systems [25]. In [26], the OPC is formulated to consider different microgrid topologies during N-1 contingencies. The OPC problem for distribution networks with IIDGs is formulated considering user-defined DOCR characteristics [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Protection Coordination of Active Distribution Networks With Synchronverters

Pola

Azzouz

2022

IEEE Access

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Synchronverters are inverters imitating synchronous generators (SGs) to curb adverse impacts of traditional inverters on power networks. However, synchronverters may generate unlimited currents during faults. In addition, limiting the synchronverter's fault currents by hard limiters could malfunction directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs). Thus, this paper employs virtual-impedance fault current limiters (VI-FCLs) that preserve the synchronverter's voltage source model to guarantee a reliable operation of DOCRs. Also, an optimal protection coordination (OPC) scheme is developed to size the VI-FCLs and determine the DOCRs' settings in a decoupled manner. The proposed protection scheme determines the highest values of the VI-FCLs that correspond to bolted faults at the synchronverters' terminals. These conservative values are then relaxed by adaptively varying the VI-FCL based on the fault severity to enhance the DOCR sensitivity. Further, a short circuit calculation algorithm is formulated to incorporate the developed synchronverter with VI-FCL into an OPC program to determine the optimal settings of DOCRs that minimize the total operating time of all primary and backup relays. Case studies ensure the proposed protection scheme's effectiveness in reliably protecting a radial 9-bus Canadian distribution system and a meshed 14-bus system powered by synchronverters.

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Section: B Docr's Optimal Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Protection Coordination of Active Distribution Networks With Synchronverters

Pola

Azzouz

2022

IEEE Access

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“…In some studies, it has been used to reduce consumer downtime in the event of N−1 or N−k events. However, since SDGs cannot rapidly reduce their output power in the event of a fault such as a short circuit, they inject significant fault current into the fault location [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Therefore, the existing protection coordination in the network will be deteriorated.…”

Section: Yes Sca+gwomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address this, optimal planning of FCL or SFCL has been suggested in some studies such as [10,11]. Also, the use of DOCR to improve the protection coordination conditions in the network with SDG is suggested [12,[14][15]. These cases require additional payment for the installation of these elements.…”

Section: Yes Sca+gwomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two‐stage planning of synchronous distributed generations in distribution network considering protection coordination index and optimal operation situation

Sadeghi

Daryalal

Abasi

2022

IET Renewable Power Gen

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This paper presents economic planning of synchronous distributed generations (SDGs) constrained to protection and operation indices in the distribution network. The proposed scheme has a two-stage formulation. In the first stage, optimal protection coordination (OPC) is modelled in the first phase in a network without SDGs. This phase considers the total operating time of all overvoltage relays in primary and backup protective modes for different fault locations constrained to the coordination interval and setting parameters of the relays. Then, candidate buses and maximum installable size of SDGs are extracted in the second phase in proportion to preserving the OPC based on calculating the protection coordination index (PCI). In the second stage, bi-objective planning of SDGs is modelled based on the results extracted in the first stage. In this stage, minimization of the weighted sum of planning cost of SDGs is presented by taking into account optimal AC power flow constraints and operation-planning model of SDGs. By implementing the scheme on standard distribution networks, numerical results verify the validity of the suggested scheme in maintaining the protection coordination when placing SDGs in distribution network and enhancing economic and operation indices in comparison to power flow studies.

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Coordination of protections as a multi-objective problem, and Pareto frontiers relating speed and selectivity in the particular case of directional overcurrent functions

Sorrentino,

De Oliveira-De Jesus

2024

Electr Eng

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Optimal Protection Coordination for Inverter Dominated Islanded Microgrids Considering N-1 Contingency

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Optimal Protection Coordination of Active Distribution Networks With Synchronverters

Optimal Protection Coordination of Active Distribution Networks With Synchronverters

Two‐stage planning of synchronous distributed generations in distribution network considering protection coordination index and optimal operation situation

Coordination of protections as a multi-objective problem, and Pareto frontiers relating speed and selectivity in the particular case of directional overcurrent functions

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