Optimal Ratio of Individual Branched‐Chain Amino Acids in Total Parenteral Nutrition of Injured Rats

Iwasawa, Yasuo; Kishi, Tohru; Morita, Motoyo; Ikeda, Keiko; Shima, Hideaki; Satô, Tadashi

doi:10.1177/0148607191015006612

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In addition, it is required to meet sensorial and functional quality and to have an acceptable cost for offering an enteral formula to drink daily at home. Our BCAA-modified protein, designed to contain, as recommended, a BCAA:AAA ratio of 3 [34] and a Val:Ile:Leu ratio near to 1:1:2 [35], was able to improve the plasma amino acid imbalance. Additionally, its chemical score (100) could maintain for longer time the good protein nutrition without increasing plasma Met levels, as was demonstrated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and Clinical Evaluation of a Modified Soy Protein with Covalently Bound Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Cirrhotic Sprague-Dawley Rats

et al. 2003

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Several studies suggested that branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) improve plasma amino acid imbalance as well as protein metabolism in patients with cirrhosis. However, commercial formulas supplemented with free BCAA have their limitations. We evaluated a modified soy protein diet with covalently bound BCAA (diet M) by comparing it with diets based on casein (diet C) or Hepatic Aid II (diet H; commercial formula) as protein sources. After 3 weeks of bile duct obstruction, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats divided into three groups received diets with 9% (w/w) protein/amino acids for 7 days. Nutritional and clinical parameters were determined. Nitrogen balance and weight gain (g)/protein intake (g) with diet M (0.19 ± 0.31 and 1.33 ± 1.43 g, respectively) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than with diet H (–0.34 ± 0.20 and –0.34 ± 1.11 g), but comparable to those with diet C (0.04 ± 0.38 and 0.20 ± 0.93 g). Animals on diet M had a significantly (p < 0.05) increased plasma BCAA:aromatic amino acid ratio (1.8 ± 0.3) as compared with those on diets H (1.3 ± 0.1) and C (0.8 ± 0.0). There were no significant differences in organ weight or liver function among the groups. We conclude that the BCAA-modified protein is an attractive option in the nutritional support of patients having cirrhosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and Clinical Evaluation of a Modified Soy Protein with Covalently Bound Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Cirrhotic Sprague-Dawley Rats

et al. 2003

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“…Our results are also in line with another study where four different BCAA ratios (leucine:isoleucine:valine), including 0.5:1:1, 1:1:1, 1.5:1:1; 2:1:1 and 4:1:1, were tested. The results revealed that the optimal BCAA ratio should vary between 1:1:1 and 2:1:1 [41]. A higher proportion of BCAAs was demonstrated to be suitable for hepatic failure and hepatic encephalopathy patients.…”

Section: Product Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Manufacturing Process, In Vivo and In Vitro Digestibility Assessment of an Enteral Feeding Product Hydrolyzed from Locally Available Ingredients Using Commercial Enzymes

Hòa

Tam

Phu³

et al. 2019

Processes

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A ready-for-use enteral feeding product was manufactured based on energy standard mixing using hydrolyzed products from local foods (i.e., loin pork, carrot, pumpkin, soybean, rice, and potato). When compared to enteral foods based on defined ingredients, the manufactured product is more cost-effective, appropriately functional and has similar physicochemical properties. Relative protein digestibility for in vitro value was tested by using enzyme pepsin, pH-drop and pH-stat method with three different enzymes. The product was shown to be easily digested with an in vivo digestibility value of 89.7%. Molecule sizes of components in the product ranged from 3.5 to 8.5 kDa, determined by SDS-PAGE, and the average molecular weight was 1.52 kDa, determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) method. In terms of nutritional value, the product achieved a caloric density of 1 kcal/mL, dietary fibers of 1.48 g per 100 mL and provided both oligomeric and monomeric forms of protein. In addition, the product has the leucine: isoleucine: valine ratio of 2:1:1, thus facilitating the absorption of the protein. In conclusion, the manufactured enteral feeding product has been shown to be appropriate for providing nutritional support for patients.Processes 2019, 7, 347 2 of 14 to the improvement in the nutritional status of patients and reduced hospital stays [5][6][7][8][9]. However, in order to be used effectively, EN formulas should meet strict requirements. According to the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) guideline, a standard formula should not pose the risk of tube clogging and infection and should satisfy basic criteria of safety and efficacy [10]. At present, the ready-for-use enteral feeding products with liquid formula, which are now widely available on the market, are often delivered to patients in hospitals and at home. In addition, the pressing demand for better nutritional support during and after sickness period has therefore urged for development, processing and manufacturing of enteral products with reduced intolerances, efficacy and, most importantly, affordability.Enteral formula is preferred to hospital-made blenderized feed in developing countries. In Vietnam, the majority of EN feeding products used are often made by their caregivers, and therefore, may not meet standard requirements of quality and safety. In addition, the dilution of the pureed homemade product required for passage though the catheter might lead to lowered energy density and the loss of nutrients and pose high risk of microbial contamination. However, despite these limitations of self-made EN, the availability of high-quality EN products in central hospitals of Vietnam is still limited, mostly due to the high cost of imported EN and the lack of a reliable source of domestically manufactured products.A feeding product should first meet the nutritional criteria, especially protein in general and animal protein in particular. The latter, along with carbohydrates, serves as the main source of energy.In addition, t...

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“… 111 Iwasawa et al investigated four ratios in an amino‐acid infusion fixed at 31% of total amino acids in laparotomized rats. 112 The weight ratios of individual BCAA (isoleucine : leucine : valine) in the solutions were 1 : 0.5 : 1, 1 : 1 : 1, 1 : 2 : 1, and 1 : 4 : 1. There was no marked difference in either nitrogen balance or urinary 3‐methyl‐histidine concentrations.…”

Section: Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 96%

Branched‐chain amino acids

Platell

Kong

Mccauley³

et al. 2000

J of Gastro and Hepatol

123

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The branched‐chain amino acids (BCAA), isoleucine, leucine and valine, are unique in that they are principally metabolized extrahepatically in the skeletal muscle. This observation led to the investigation of these nutrients in a number of clinical scenarios. By far the most intensively studied applications for BCAA have been in patients with liver failure and/or patients in catabolic disease states. However, the resulting studies have not demonstrated a clear clinical benefit for BCAA nutritional supplements. In patients with liver failure, the BCAA did improve nitrogen retention and protein synthesis, but their effect on patient outcome was less clear. Similarly, in critically ill septic patients, BCAA did not improve either survival or morbidity. The BCAA are important nutrients, and it seems that any specific benefits associated with their use will be based upon a greater understanding of the underlying cellular biology. Potential areas of further research may include the combination of BCAA supplements with other anabolic factors (e.g. growth hormone) in managing patients with catabolic disease states.

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Optimal Ratio of Individual Branched‐Chain Amino Acids in Total Parenteral Nutrition of Injured Rats

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Nutritional and Clinical Evaluation of a Modified Soy Protein with Covalently Bound Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Cirrhotic Sprague-Dawley Rats

Nutritional and Clinical Evaluation of a Modified Soy Protein with Covalently Bound Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Cirrhotic Sprague-Dawley Rats

Manufacturing Process, In Vivo and In Vitro Digestibility Assessment of an Enteral Feeding Product Hydrolyzed from Locally Available Ingredients Using Commercial Enzymes

Branched‐chain amino acids

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