Optimal regenerative repair of large segmental bone defect in a goat model with osteoinductive calcium phosphate bioceramic implants

Abstract

So far, how to achieve the optimal regenerative repair of large load-bearing bone defects using artificial bone grafts is a huge challenge in clinic. In this study, a strategy of combining osteoinductive biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bioceramic scaffolds with intramedullary nail fixation for creating stable osteogenic microenvironment was applied to repair large segmental bone defects (3.0 cm in length) in goat femur model. The material characterization results showed that the BCP scaffold had the initial compressive strength of over 2.0 MPa, and total porosity of 84%. The cell culture experiments demonstrated that the scaffold had the excellent ability to promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The in vivo results showed that the intramedullary nail fixation maintained the initial stability and structural integrity of the implants at early stage, promoting the osteogenic process both guided and induced by the BCP scaffolds. At 9 months postoperatively, good integration between the implants and host bone was observed, and a large amount of newborn bones formed, accompanying with the degradation of the material. At 18 months postoperatively, almost the complete new bone substitution in the defect area was achieved. The maximum bending strength of the repaired bone defects reached to the 100% of normal femur at 18 months post-surgery. Our results demonstrated the good potential of osteoinductive BCP bioceramics in the regenerative repair of large load-bearing bone defects. The current study could provide an effective method to treat the clinical large segmental bone defects.

Fibroblasts Mediate Ectopic Bone Formation of Calcium Phosphate Ceramics

“…X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of BCP ceramics further confirmed that it consisted of a mixture of hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) phases ( Figure 2 ). In line with previous study, XRD analysis in our study showed that the material had the characteristic diffraction peaks of HA at 25.9°, 31.8°, 32.3°, 33.0°, 39.8°, 46.7°, 49.5°, 50.5°, 51.3°, 52.1°, and 53.0°, and diffraction peaks of β-TCP at 28.9°, 34.0°, and 47.6° [ 22 ]. To investigate the osteo-inductive ability of synthetized BCP ceramics, BCP ceramics were implanted into gastrocnemius muscle of mice.…”

METTL3‐m6A methylase regulates the osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in osteoporotic rats via the Wnt signalling pathway

“…59 BCP is porous calcium phosphate ceramic similar to natural bone and has good biocompatibility. [60][61][62] In this study, we transplanted BCP seeded with OP-BMSCs into a rat calvarial defect model for in vivo validation. Reconstructed micro-CT and histological results showed that the Mettl3(+) group had the greatest amount of new bone at 8 weeks.…”

Application of osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramics in giant cell tumor of the sacrum: report of six cases

“…The highly porous scaffolds allow mass transport, cell adhesion and bone ingrowth, without adding any exogenous cell and growth factors [ 20 ]. In practice, its effcacy in guiding bone regeneration was confirmed not only by the segmental bone defect in animal models but also by the calvarial defects in children [ 22 , 24 ]. Therefore, CaP ceramics may have the potential to enhance bone formation on the sacrum following nerve-sparing surgery.…”