Optimal Regulation of E-cigarettes: Theory and Evidence

Allcott, Hunt; Rafkin, Charlie

doi:10.1257/pol.20200805

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Three studies found evidence that higher e‐cigarette tax rates reduce e‐cigarette use and increase cigarette use for adults (Pesko et al., 2020), young adults (Friedman & Pesko, 2022), and teenagers (Abouk et al., 2023). From sales data, studies have found evidence that e‐cigarette taxes reduce e‐cigarette sales (Allcott & Rafkin, 2022; Cotti et al., 2022), with one of these also finding evidence that e‐cigarette taxes increase cigarette sales (Cotti et al., 2022) and the other finding more limited evidence for this relationship (Allcott & Rafkin, 2022). , Recent research has shown that Minnesota's 2013 e‐cigarette tax increase reduces adult smoking cessation (Saffer et al., 2020) and increases teen smoking (Pesko & Warman, 2022).…”

Section: Background and Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of e‐cigarette taxes on pre‐pregnancy and prenatal smoking

Adams

Feng

MacLean

2023

J Policy Anal Manage

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E‐cigarette taxes are an active area of legislation and have important regulatory implications by proxying e‐cigarette accessibility. We examine the effect of e‐cigarette taxes on prepregnancy and prenatal smoking using the near‐universe of births to mothers conceiving between 2013 and 2019 in the United States. Using fixed effect regressions, we show that e‐cigarette taxes increase prepregnancy and prenatal smoking. We also find evidence that e‐cigarette taxes reduce prepregnancy and 3rd trimester e‐cigarette use. Finally, we show that e‐cigarette taxes increase news coverage of e‐cigarettes and raise perceptions of risk of e‐cigarettes.

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Section: Background and Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of e‐cigarette taxes on pre‐pregnancy and prenatal smoking

Adams

Feng

MacLean

2023

J Policy Anal Manage

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“…Given that prior studies have overwhelmingly supported that e-cigarettes and cigarettes are economic substitutes [94][95][96], another worry is that the implementation of legislation that only targets ENP products, including taxation [53] and vape-free laws [46], may increase combustible cigarette use and sales. Pesko et al [51] estimated that a US$1.00 increase in tax per vaping fluid ml would increase daily smoking propensity by 0.6 percentage points (ppts) among US adults.…”

Section: Implications For Practitioners and Policymakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review for the impacts of global approaches to regulating electronic nicotine products

Yan,

Wang,

Laestadius

et al. 2023

J Glob Health

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Background The rapid increase in electronic nicotine product (ENP) use among young people has been a global public health challenge, given the potential harm of ENPs and nicotine dependence. Many countries have recently introduced legislations to regulate ENPs, but the impacts of these policies are poorly understood. This systematic review aims to critically synthesise empirical studies on the effects of global regulations regarding ENPs on the prevalence of use, health outcomes and their determinants, using the 4A marketing mix framework (acceptability, affordability, accessibility and awareness). Methods Following the PRISMA guideline, we searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete, and APA PsycINFO databases from inception until June 14, 2022 and performed citation searches on the included studies. Reviewed literature was restricted to peer-reviewed, English-language articles. We included all pre-post and quasi-experimental studies that evaluated the impacts of e-cigarette policies on the prevalence of ENP use and other health outcomes. A modified Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal checklist for quasi-experimental studies was used for quality assessment. Due to heterogeneity of the included studies, we conducted a narrative synthesis of evidence. Results Of 3991 unduplicated records screened, 48 (1.2%) met the inclusion criteria, most were from high-income countries in North America and Europe and 26 studies measured self-reported ENPs use. Flavour restrictions significantly decreased youth ENP use and taxation reduced adult use; mixed results were found for the impacts of age restrictions. Indoor vaping restrictions and the European Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) did not seem to reduce ENP use based on existing studies. Changes in determinants such as sales and perceptions corroborated our conclusions. Few studies assessed the impacts of other regulations such as advertising restrictions and retail licensing requirements. Conclusions Flavour restrictions and taxes have the strongest evidence to support effective control of ENPs, while others need powerful enforcement and meaningful penalties to ensure their effectiveness. Future research should focus on under-examined policies and differential impacts across sociodemographic characteristics and countries. Registration PROSPERO CRD42022337361

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“…In one of the most comprehensive studies on optimal e-cigarette regulation, Allcott and Rafkin (2022) find that e-cigarette demand is elastic with respect to taxes, but cannot reject the null of zero substitution between traditional and e-cigarettes. Their study, however, remains largely silent on MLPAs as a regulatory tool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regression Discontinuity Evidence on the Effectiveness of the Minimum Legal E-cigarette Purchasing Age

DeSimone¹,

Grossman²,

Ziebarth³

2023

American Journal of Health Economics

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Increases in youth vaping rates and concerns of a new generation of nicotine addicts recently prompted an increase in the federal minimum legal purchase age (MLPA) for tobacco products, including e-cigarettes, to 21 years. This study presents the first regression discontinuity evidence on the effectiveness of e-cigarette MLPA laws. Using data on 12 th graders from Monitoring the Future, we obtain robust evidence that federal and state age-18MLPAs decreased underage e-cigarette use by 15-20% and frequent use by 20-40%. These findings suggest that the age-21 federal MLPA could meaningfully reduce e-cigarette use among 18-20-year-olds.

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Optimal Regulation of E-cigarettes: Theory and Evidence

Cited by 20 publications

References 68 publications

The effect of e‐cigarette taxes on pre‐pregnancy and prenatal smoking

The effect of e‐cigarette taxes on pre‐pregnancy and prenatal smoking

A systematic review for the impacts of global approaches to regulating electronic nicotine products

Regression Discontinuity Evidence on the Effectiveness of the Minimum Legal E-cigarette Purchasing Age

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