Efficient allocation of the scarce resource spectrum is a fundamental problem in mobile communications. Cooperative Relaying (CoR) and Network Coding (NC) are two promising techniques for improving the performance of next-generation wireless networks. In this thesis, cross-layer resource allocation is studied for relay-assisted bidirectional multichannel wireless networks. We model the network in which two nodes, User Equipment (UE) and eNodeB (eNB), exchange information with the assistance of a Relay Station (RS). The UEs and eNB can choose between different transmission schemes: direct transmission, pure CoR, or via the combination of NC and CoR (NC/CoR). Novel optimization frameworks are proposed for the resource First of all, I would like to thank my advisor, Professor Ioannis Lambadaris, for his continuous inspiration, guidance and support on my thesis work. In the past few years, he constantly encouraged me to focus on the most important and challenging problems, and instructed me how to find a way toward innovative ideas and creative solutions. He also gave me a lot of freedom to choose the favorite research topics to strengthen my interest and enthusiasm in research. I am also grateful to all the colleagues and students in the Broadband Networks Lab at the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering for their enjoyable discussions and shared research work with me on communications concepts and interesting ideas. I would like to thank Dr. Hassan Halabian for his collaborative work and invaluable comments, which helped improve the quality of my research. Lastly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my parents for their continuous support and motivation. Special gratitude to all my family, who keep encouraging me to pursue my PhD degree. To them all I dedicate this thesis.