“…V = {v 1 , v 2 , ..., v n } represents a set of precedence-constrained parallel tasks, and t i is the ith task's computation requirement showing the number of time units to compute v i , 1 ≤ i ≤ n. It is assumed that all the tasks in V are nonpreemptive and indivisible work units, and a similar assumption can be found in related studies [9] [20]. (v i , v j )∈ E is a message transmitted from task v i to v j , and c ij is the communication cost of the message (v i , v j ) ∈ E. We assume in this study that there is one entry task and one exit task for an application with a set of tasks.…”