Optimal size of energy storage to accommodate high penetration of renewable resources in WECC system

Makarov, Yuri V.; Du, Pengwei; Kintner-Meyer, Michael Cw; Jin, Chunlian; Illian, H.F.

doi:10.1109/isgt.2010.5434768

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A full description of the methodology can be found in (Makarov et al 2010). The approach uses historic load data and understanding of how the load forecasting errors are statistically distributed.…”

Section: Approach and Data Used To Determine Balancing Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Storage for Power Systems Applications: A Regional Assessment for the Northwest Power Pool (NWPP)

Kintner-Meyer¹,

Balducci²,

Jin³

et al. 2010

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This report addresses several key questions in the broader discussion on the integration of renewable energy resources in the Pacific Northwest power grid. Specifically, it addresses the following questions: a) what will be the future balancing requirement to accommodate a simulated expansion of wind energy resources from 3.3 GW in 2008 to 14.4 GW in 2019 in the Northwest Power Pool (NWPP), and b) what are the most cost effective technological solutions for meeting the balancing requirements in the Northwest Power Pool (NWPP). A life-cycle analysis was performed to assess the least-cost technology option for meeting the new balancing requirement. The technologies considered in this study include conventional turbines (CT), sodium sulfur (NaS) batteries, Lithium Ion (Li-ion) batteries, pumped-hydro energy storage (PH), and demand response (DR). Hybrid concepts that combine 2 or more of the technologies above are also evaluated. The report also discusses the value of pumped hydro storage systems in the Bonneville Power Administration's footprint as an energy arbitrage instrument. This analysis was performed with collaboration by the Bonneville Power Administration and funded by the Energy Storage Systems Program of the U.S. Department of Energy. v SummaryStationary energy storage for power system application has recently attracted significant interest and attention as an enabling technology for integrating the growing capacity of variable renewable energy resources into the electric grid. Energy storage systems are likely to become an essential contributor to grid modernization investments that will transition the North American power system to a modern grid that meets the future needs under low carbon emissions constraints. In the Pacific Northwest as well as in other U.S. regions, the electricity production from wind technology has increased significantly to meet the renewable portfolio standards targets imposed by 24 U.S. States and the District of Columbia.For the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) as the major grid operator in the Pacific Northwest, the growing wind generation poses some challenges to generation scheduling and the provision of ancillary services. To study the impacts of the variability in the wind generation on the regional grid operation and the role that energy storage may play to mitigate these grid impacts, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) collaborated with BPA to addresses the following key questions: c. Can energy storage be cost-effectively employed for arbitrage opportunities?Pacific Northwest National Laboratory applied a stochastic approach to assess the total balancing requirements for the NWPP for the high wind penetration in 2019. A simplifying assumption was applied that reduced the entire NWPP footprint into one single balancing area. With this assumption, the total balancing-up capacity requirements (generation increment) is approximately 3900 MW. The balancingdown capacity (generation decrement) is estimated to be about -3700 MW. These figures are based...

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Section: Approach and Data Used To Determine Balancing Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high-pass filter was designed to filter out the fast cycles (intra-hour and real-time components) from the original balancing signal (Makarov et al 2010). The cut-off frequencies for the filter were f l =1.157e-5 Hz and f u =0.…”

Section: Spectral Analysis and Extraction Of Intra-hour Balancing Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Storage for Power Systems Applications: A Regional Assessment for the Northwest Power Pool (NWPP)

Kintner-Meyer¹,

Balducci²,

Jin³

et al. 2010

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“…One recent study detailed how the variability in wind generation can increase the balancing requirements on the bulk power system , Makarov et al 2010. Subsequent work investigated using electric vehicles to help meet and mitigate these additional balancing requirements [Tuffner and Kintner-Meyer, 2011].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Electric Vehicles to Assist Integration of Large Penetrations of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation Capacity

Tuffner¹,

Chassin²,

Kintner-Meyer³

et al. 2012

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Printed in the United Introduction and MotivationThis analysis provides detailed distribution-level insights into the leveraging potential of distributed rooftop photovoltaic (PV) technologies and electric vehicle (EV) charging. Either of the two technologies by themselves -at some high penetrations -may cause some voltage control challenges or overloading problems, respectively. But when combined, there could be synergistic effects, at least intuitively, whereby one technology mitigates the negative impacts of the other. High penetration of EV charging may overload existing distribution system components, most prominently the secondary transformer. If PV technology is installed at residential premises or anywhere downstream of the secondary transformer, it will provide another electricity source, thus relieving the loading on the transformers. Another synergetic or mitigating effect could be envisioned when high PV penetration reverses the power flow upward in the distribution system (from the homes upstream into the distribution system). Protection schemes may then no longer function as designed and voltage violations (exceeding the voltage upper limit of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) voltage range) may occur. In this particular situation, EV charging could consume the generated energy from the PV, such that the reversal of power flow can be reduced or alleviated. Given these potential mutual synergistic behaviors of PV and EV technologies, this project attempted to quantify the benefits of combining the two technologies.Furthermore, of interest was how advanced EV control strategies may influence the outcome of the synergy between EV charging and distributed PV installations. Particularly, California utility companies with high penetration of distributed PV technology, who have experienced voltage control problems, are interested in how intelligent EV charging could support or affect the voltage control challenges. Methodology and ScopeThe analysis explored a small parameter space of different penetration levels of electric vehicles and distributed solar generation and the impacts these penetrations have on a distribution system. The investigation was performed by means of a power flow simulation of an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) test feeder. To keep this study generic, a readily available generic IEEE feeder was utilized, rather than a specific feeder of a specific distribution company. The IEEE 123-node radial distribution feeder was used in this study [IEEE 1991]. This feeder represents a small distribution feeder with several regulators to maintain system operating voltage. The IEEE 123-node feeder is defined for a constant load. The original load conditions were replaced with explicit thermal and load representations of residences and commercial buildings, and EV charging behavior that is defined by EV owners' driving patterns. The feeder was populated with 1251 residential homes and a few light commercial buildings. Building characteristics and weather dat...

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“…Energy storage (ES) system can overcome these limitations imposed by the solar PV. ES acts as a buffer that isolates the grid from the frequent and rapid power fluctuations by high penetration of renewable resources [6]. Storage improves the grid penetration of PV energy [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Energy Storage on Distribution Transformer Loading in Low Voltage Distribution Network

Arif¹,

Oo²,

Ali³

2013

SGRE

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Energy storage (ES) is a form of media that store one form of energy to be utilized at another time. Importance of ES is comprehended while intermittent nature of renewable energy (RE) generation increases and integration into the grid becomes viable in terms of economics and environment. However, technical analysis should be carried out before large scale integration into the grid. Some utilities experienced in Europe and expressed concern about issues in integrating large scale renewable energy in the areas of harmonics, voltage regulation, network protection and islanding. In Australia, distribution network (DN) is not robust compared to the European grid; moreover loads are largely distributed over large geographical areas. Installation of RE such as roof top solar photovoltaic (PV) is increasing in Australia which also boosted by the governments incentives to the individual owners. It is therefore obvious that large scale PV integration into the Australian grid is imminent. The intermittent characteristic of solar PV is expected to have greater impacts on DN in Australia compared to the DN in Europe. Therefore this paper investigated the impacts of solar PV on low voltage (LV) DN where loads connected through distribution transformer (DT) and finally further investigation was conducted with the deployment of ES into the respective load centers. It was found that storage reduced the overall peak load condition on the DT, and also reduced the energy fluctuation in the DN. It was also found that storage improved the voltage regulation on the LV side of DT and stabilized node voltage.

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Optimal size of energy storage to accommodate high penetration of renewable resources in WECC system

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Energy Storage for Power Systems Applications: A Regional Assessment for the Northwest Power Pool (NWPP)

Energy Storage for Power Systems Applications: A Regional Assessment for the Northwest Power Pool (NWPP)

Utilizing Electric Vehicles to Assist Integration of Large Penetrations of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation Capacity

Role of Energy Storage on Distribution Transformer Loading in Low Voltage Distribution Network

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