Optimal sizes of dielectric microspheres for cavity QED with strong coupling

Buck, J. R.; Kimble, H. J.

doi:10.1103/physreva.67.033806

Cited by 232 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Recent advances in the fabrication of fused silica microcavities have shown that these devices have the potential to facilitate cavity QED interactions well into the strong cavity-coupling regime. 7,10 The main points that need to be addressed are the fabrication of a microcavity with an appropriate mode structure and also the use of a nanocrystal quantum dot with an appropriate lifetime and with decoherence properties approaching the lifetime limit. A suitable mode structure will probably involve transverse mode engineering.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While this regime has yet to be demonstrated with any cavity QED interaction at optical frequencies, a similar operating regime has been predicted for atoms interacting with the field modes of various fused silica microcavities. 7,10 The exact form of the microcavity may range from microspheres to microtoroids, the important factor being the presence of sufficient high-Q cavity modes in a reasonably small spectral range. We will return to this requirement later, but for now assume that nanocrystal can be brought into resonance with at least four high-Q field modes using the dc Stark effect.…”

Section: Gate Operation Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7,9,10 However, if we are to pursue miniature quantum gates based on CQED, we need a suitable quantum object. The use of atoms or ions would be ideal if it were possible to trap a single atom or ion and place it into the cavity field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum noise in the electromechanical shuttle: Quantum master equation treatment

et al. 2006

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We investigate the use of nanocrystal quantum dots as a quantum bus element for preparing various quantum resources for use in photonic quantum technologies. Using the Stark-tuning property of nanocrystal quantum dots as well as the biexciton transition, we demonstrate a photonic controlled-NOT ͑CNOT͒ interaction between two logical photonic qubits comprising two cavity field modes each. We find the CNOT interaction to be a robust generator of photonic Bell states, even with relatively large biexciton losses. These results are discussed in light of the current state of the art of both microcavity fabrication and recent advances in nanocrystal quantum dot technology. Overall, we find that such a scheme should be feasible in the near future with appropriate refinements to both nanocrystal fabrication technology and microcavity design. Such a gate could serve as an active element in photonic-based quantum technologies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gate Operation Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum noise in the electromechanical shuttle: Quantum master equation treatment

et al. 2006

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“…The finesse of this cavity at the D2 line in atomic caesium (λ = 852.4 nm, made resonant with the TEM 00 mode of the cavity) is F = 4.2 × 10 5 , and the critical parameters are n 0 = 0.0029 and N 0 = 0.018. In future experiments, it may be possible to achieve even higher finesse by coupling to the whispering gallery modes of quartz microspheres [14][15][16] or microtoroidal resonators [23,24] or to photonic bandgap resonators [25,26].…”

Section: Cavities In the Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trapped atoms in cavity QED: coupling quantized light and matter

Miller

Northup

Birnbaum

et al. 2005

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

381

377

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On the occasion of the hundredth anniversary of Albert Einstein's annus mirabilis, we reflect on the development and current state of research in cavity quantum electrodynamics in the optical domain. Cavity QED is a field which undeniably traces its origins to Einstein's seminal work on the statistical theory of light and the nature of its quantized interaction with matter. In this paper, we emphasize the development of techniques for the confinement of atoms strongly coupled to high-finesse resonators and the experiments which these techniques enable.(Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version) From Einstein to cavity QEDIn the years prior to his seminal 1905 papers, Albert Einstein had given much thought to the statistical properties of electromagnetic fields [1], especially with regard to the theory of black-body radiation developed by Max Planck [2]. Einstein realized that the quantization of light-particularly the creation and annihilation of 'light quanta'-is something more fundamental than a tacit consequence of the assumption that the total energy of a black-body is discretely distributed between a set of microstates. Beginning in 1905 with On a heuristic point of view about the creation and conversion of light [3] and in four subsequent papers on quantization [4][5][6][7], he laid the foundations of the 'old quantum theory ' [8], summarized in what is commonly referred to as the 'light quantization hypothesis':. . . the energy of a light ray emitted from a point [is] not continuously distributed over an ever increasing space, but consists of a finite number of energy quanta which are localized at points in space, which move without dividing, and which can only be produced and absorbed as complete units [3].

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“…Toward complete PL-LSP coupling, which means that all power of PL can couple into a single LSP antenna * sasaki@es.hokudai.ac.jp without loss, we employ a tapered-fiber-coupled microspherical cavity. Microspherical cavities possess ultra-high-quality factors (>10 8 ) and small mode volumes (<10 3 μm 3 ) [22][23][24][25], which can provide sufficiently high intracavity enhancement for strong PL-LSP coupling. Because the whispering gallery mode forms an evanescent field around the microsphere, a metal nanostructure placed on or near the sphere surface can be coupled with the cavity mode.…”

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confidence: 99%

Efficient optical coupling into a single plasmonic nanostructure using a fiber-coupled microspherical cavity

et al. 2014

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Toward complete coupling between propagating light (PL) and a single localized-surface-plasmon (LSP) nanostructure, we propose a tapered-fiber-coupled microspherical cavity system combining an Au-coated probe tip. This system possesses the unique characteristic of precise adjustability for the fiber-cavity coupling rate and the cavity-plasmon coupling rate, which is indispensable for achieving the critical coupling conditions. We successfully demonstrate the 93% PL coupling into the LSP antenna with an effective area of a 58 nm circle, exceeding the diffraction limit. Localized surface plasmons (LSPs) of metal nanostructures have attracted considerable attention because of the unique enhancement of the exciton-photon coupling by strong localization of the optical field [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The LSP polaritons have the ability to confine the optical field into nanometer-scale areas, exceeding the diffraction limit, using the so-called optical antenna effect [1][2][3]. LSP fields with the small mode volumes strongly enhance the interactions between light and matter [4][5][6][7][8]. Recently, vacuum Rabi splitting was observed in exciton-plasmon coupling systems at room temperature [9][10][11]. This effect demonstrates that a single photon harvested by the LSP antenna can couple into a single-exciton state with high efficiency, which will be applicable to highly efficient photonic devices. One of the ultimate goals is a single-photon switching gate for quantum information [12,13].Although the strong-coupling regime can be obtained within the LSP field, the coupling efficiency between a single LSP antenna and propagating light (PL) in free space or in optical waveguides is extremely low. The harvesting antenna size, which corresponds to the extinction cross section of a single metal nanostructure, is typically ß10 3 nm 2 for visible light [14], which is comparable to the actual geometrical cross section of the structure. The desired size of a single antenna structure is on the order of tens of nanometers, which is determined from the LSP resonance wavelength. Conversely, the cross section of the PL mode is ß10 5 nm 2 for a diffraction-limited spot and ß10 7 nm 2 for a single-mode optical fiber. This size mismatch between the LSP antenna and the PL mode results in a low coupling efficiency on the order of ß10 −4 −10 −2 , which limits the total throughput of the exciton-photon coupling via the LSP polariton.The use of microcavities can drastically improve the efficiency of the optical coupling with metal nanostructures. There are some reports on the cavity-LSP coupling systems and their applications to highly sensitive biosensors and efficient photon emitters [15][16][17][18][19]. Those works, however, have not paid attention to ultimate optimization of the coupling between the PL mode and the LSP antenna via the microcavity mode [20,21]. Toward complete PL-LSP coupling, which means that all power of PL can couple into a single LSP antenna * sasaki@es.hokudai.ac.jp without loss, we employ a tapered-fibe...

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Optimal sizes of dielectric microspheres for cavity QED with strong coupling

Cited by 232 publications

References 27 publications

Quantum noise in the electromechanical shuttle: Quantum master equation treatment

Quantum noise in the electromechanical shuttle: Quantum master equation treatment

Trapped atoms in cavity QED: coupling quantized light and matter

Efficient optical coupling into a single plasmonic nanostructure using a fiber-coupled microspherical cavity

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