Optimal Sizing and Environ-Economic Analysis of PV-BESS Systems for Jointly Acting Renewable Self-Consumers

Abstract

Future residential applications could benefit from nanogrids that integrate photovoltaics (PV) and battery energy storage systems (BESS), especially after the establishment of recent European Community directives on renewable energy communities (RECs) and jointly acting renewable self-consumers (JARSCs). These entities consist of aggregations of users who share locally produced energy with the aim of gaining economic, environmental, and social benefits by enhancing their independence from the electricity grid. In this regard, the sizing of the PV and BESS systems is an important aspect that results in a trade-off from technical, economic, and environmental perspectives. To this end, this paper presents an investigation on the optimal PV-BESS system sizing of a condominium acting as a JARSC community, which includes a common PV plant and EMS, operated by rule-based criteria. PV-BESS sizing results are investigated from economic and environmental perspectives, considering a case study located in Milan, Italy. In these regards, in addition to the common techno-economic criteria, carbon dioxide emissions are considered with particular attention, as their reduction is the driving ethos behind recent EU directives.

Analysis of Photovoltaic Plants with Battery Energy Storage Systems (PV-BESS) for Monthly Constant Power Operation

“…Refs. [12][13][14][15] investigate the optimal sizing of PV and BESS systems in an electric grid. Many studies of PV and BESS focus part of their work on analyzing economic viability.…”

Investigation of bidirectional three-phase four-leg converter with LCL filter

“…At present, there is an active development of alternative energy based on photovoltaic plants, and wind generators, as part of microgrid or distributed generation grids [1]- [4]. Studies [5], [6] show that for the sustainable operation of microgrid based on renewable energy sources, where energy storage system must be a necessary element of the control system, which according to [5] solves at least the following main functions: i) Increasing the limits of static and dynamic stability by compensating for sudden voltage drops caused by the use of renewable energy sources; ii) Suppression of fluctuations in the active and reactive components of load power; and iii) Ensuring of uninterrupted power supply (UPS) to own needs and especially essential consumers. Comparative analysis of batteries is a separate direction of modern research [7]- [10], as well as structures of energy storage systems and energy exchange control systems [11]- [13].…”

Economic and Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicles Trends on Jointly-Acting Renewable Self-Consumers Groups

“…In order to increase selfconsumed energy, a battery energy storage system (BESS) is often included in the system to store the excess of PV energy instead of feeding it to the main grid. Clearly, the sizing of PV-BESS plants is highly dependent on the available surface, energy consumption profiles and the initial cost that the users are willing to afford, as seen in [5].…”

“…The literature includes several studies on the analysis of JARSCs and RECs from different aspects, such as legislative [8], [9], social [10], [11], techno-economic [12], [13] and environmental [5]. Furthermore, the integration of JARSCs and RECs with electric mobility has also received much interest in recent years [14], [15].…”

“…The results of different scenarios and possible sizing are analyzed from an energetic, economic and environmental point of view. Optimal sizing for the different scenarios are obtained from the methods presented in [5], which is based on minimizing a combination of payback time (PBT) and equivalent CO 2 emissions due to energy absorbed from the grid.…”