Optimal sizing and siting of smart microgrid components under high renewables penetration considering demand response

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to determine the size and place of different components in microgrids (MGs) including renewable energy resources (RERs). Various factors like reliability, uncertainty of wind speed, solar irradiance, load and load growth are considered. The Ekbatan residential complex is studied as the pilot case study placed in Tehran, Iran. Ekbatan complex has three separate sets of buildings called phase 1, 2 and 3 considered as smart MGs. The multi-objective optimization problem is solved considering RERs uncertainties, improving reliability and power quality and minimizing power DCiab Cost of changing location ith DG from location (a) at (j-1)th year to location (b) at (j)th year LDGij Cost of lost energy ℎ. Required time for transporting ith DG EPj Price of buying energy at jth year from distribution grid. Rated power of ith DG Nbus Possible places for installation of DG NDG Number of DG types a Load growth rate LP0 Initial peak load LPj Peak load at jth year

Optimal DG Allocation and Volt–Var Dispatch for a Droop-Based Microgrid

“…The sizing and placement of DGs have been widely investigated for different technical and economic objectives for active distribution networks and grid-tied microgrids [23]. The size and the location of the DGs are usually decided at the planning stage based on objectives such as installation/operation cost minimisation [24], [25], line loss minimisation [26], demand reduction [27] and load curtailment [28]. To the best of authors' knowledge, reference [29] is the only work related to sizing of DGs for a droop-based islanded microgrid.…”

Modelling and evaluation of the Baseline Energy Consumption and the Key Performance Indicators in Technical University of Cluj‐Napoca buildings within a Demand Response programme: a case study

“…2864-2875 This is an open access article published by the IET under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) lighting and plug loads, together with photovoltaic (PV) and ice storage integrated with packaged air conditioning (AC) units. The purpose of the work by Hakimi et al [10] was to determine the size and place of different components in microgrids including renewable energy resources based on the multi-objective optimisation problem.…”

“…The purpose of the work by Hakimi et al . [10] was to determine the size and place of different components in microgrids including renewable energy resources based on the multi‐objective optimisation problem.…”

Reliability evaluation of smart grid using various classic and metaheuristic clustering algorithms considering system uncertainties

“…In addition, power flow constraints, voltage constraints, transmission constraints, and upper/lower limits of DGs must also be considered, according to ( 15)-(18). 26,38…”