Optimal sizing and siting techniques for distributed generation in distribution systems: A review

Prakash, Prem; Khatod, Dheeraj Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.099

Cited by 288 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…These studies differ from each other in terms of their scope, the approach adopted and the methodology used in DG planning. The most extensive literature belongs to the studies that aim to plan the size and location of the DG, and a recent review of these studies is given in [17]. In addition, the studies that involve planning of DG sizing [18] or planning of DG siting [19,20] are examples of studies that have been carried out by different DG planning scopes.…”

Section: Motivation and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum Permissible Integration Capacity of Renewable DG Units Based on System Loads

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Increasing demand for electricity, as well as rising environmental and economic concerns have resulted in renewable energy sources being a center of attraction. Integration of these renewable energy resources into power systems is usually achieved through distributed generation (DG) techniques, and the number of such applications increases daily. As conventional power systems do not have an infrastructure that is compatible with these energy sources and generation systems, such integration applications may cause various problems in power systems. Therefore, planning is an essential part of DG integration, especially for power systems with intermittent renewable energy sources with the objective of minimizing problems and maximizing benefits. In this study, a mathematical model is proposed to calculate the maximum permissible DG integration capacity without causing overvoltage problems in the power systems. In the proposed mathematical model, both the minimum loading condition and maximum generation condition are taken into consideration. In order to prove the effectiveness and the consistency of the proposed mathematical model, it is applied to a test system with different case studies, and the results are compared with the results obtained from other models in the literature.

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Section: Motivation and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum Permissible Integration Capacity of Renewable DG Units Based on System Loads

et al. 2018

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“…The fundamental evaluation paradigm is the cost of energy loss, which is the annual cost of energy loss (CEL) or active power loss (CPL) and presented by Equation (15) as follows [32]:…”

Section: Cost Of Energy Losses In Loop Distribution Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

DG Placement in Loop Distribution Network with New Voltage Stability Index and Loss Minimization Condition Based Planning Approach under Load Growth

Kazmi

Shin

2017

Energies

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This paper presents a new planning approach based on voltage stability index (VSI) together with improved loss minimization (LM) formulations. The method has employed for application of distributed generation (DG) unit placement (location and size) in a loop (configured) test distribution network (LDN). Initially, VSI relationship for equivalent loop model has employed to find out potential locations for DG placement in LDN. Later, loss minimization formulations and loss minimization conditions (LMC) have been derived on the basis of an equivalent electrical model of LDN, for single and two DGs operating at various power factors, respectively. The proposed approach is comprised of two variants and has demonstrated on the 69-bus test distribution network. The first planning variant as a single case has applied for DG allocation (location, size, number) in LDN under normal load. Similarly, the second planning variant has demonstrated with three cases (six scenarios per case), evaluated under normal load and impact of load growth (across five years), respectively. The proposed approach has analyzed in terms of various performance indicators and results obtained have compared and found in close agreement with existed works in literature. Simulation results verify the validity of the proposed planning approach and establish that LDN performs better than radial distribution network from the perspective of load growth.

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“…The problem of calculating the optimal placement and size of storage devices of an electric grid is highly dimensional and non-convex. The resolution of this highly dimensional non-convex problem has been successful with multiple mathematical techniques including analytical techniques, classical techniques, artificial intelligence techniques and other miscellaneous techniques [9]. In a different review of energy storage allocation, four main categories are defined to solve this highly dimensional non-convex problem: analytical methods, mathematical programming, exhaustive search and heuristics [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal sizing and placement of distribution grid connected battery systems through an SOCP optimal power flow algorithm

2018

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. Optimal sizing and placement of distribution grid connected battery systems through an SOCP optimal power flow algorithm. Applied Energy, Elsevier, 2018Elsevier, , 219, pp.385-393. <10.1016Elsevier, /j.apenergy.2017 .008>. Optimal sizing and placement of distribution grid connected battery systems through an SOCP optimal power flow algorithm Etta Grover-Silva 1,2 , Robin Girard 1 , George Kariniotakis 1 AbstractThe high variability and uncertainty introduced into modern electrical distribution systems due to decentralized renewable energy generators requires new solutions for grid management and power quality assurance. One of these possible solutions includes grid integrated energy storage. The appropriate size and placement of decentralized storage is highly dependent on purpose of the battery system and expected operational strategy. However, battery operational strategies are difficult to simulate simultaneously during a sizing and placement planning calculation. The motivation of this paper is to propose an algorithm that is capable of integrating sizing, placement and operational strategies of batteries into an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) distribution grid planning tool. The choice of the OPF approach permits to account for grid constraints which is more adapted for grid-connected storage devices compared to other approaches in the state of the art that are based only on an email balance analysis. This paper presents an alternating current (AC) multi-temporal OPF algorithm that uses a convex relaxation of the power flow equations to guarantee exact and optimal solutions with high algorithmic performance. The algorithm is unique and innovative due to the fact that it combines the simultaneous optimization of placement and sizing of storage devices taking into account load curves, photovoltaic (PV) production profiles, and distribution grid power quality constraints. The choice to invest in battery capacity is highly sensitive to the price of battery systems. The investment in battery systems solely for reducing losses an operational costs was proven not to be cost effective, however when battery systems are allowed to buy and sell electricity based on variable market prices they become cost effective. The assumptions used for this study shows that current battery system prices are too high to be cost effective even when allowing battery system market participation.Keywords: Optimal power flow, storage, smart grids, renewable energy, distribution grid planning Nomenclature Parameters η st Charging and discharging efficiency of the battery system P pv,j,t Ideal PV production for node j at time step t S pv,j,t PV maximum apparent power flow at node j V j Voltage maximum at node n V j Voltage minimum at node n c inv stInvestment costs of the battery system for the nominal capacity in e/MWh-day Operations and maintenance costs of using the battery system for the power use in e/MWh-day c e,tPrice of electricity at time step t I max Total capital cost limit of project P ld,j,t Active power load at n...

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Optimal sizing and siting techniques for distributed generation in distribution systems: A review

Cited by 288 publications

References 107 publications

Maximum Permissible Integration Capacity of Renewable DG Units Based on System Loads

Maximum Permissible Integration Capacity of Renewable DG Units Based on System Loads

DG Placement in Loop Distribution Network with New Voltage Stability Index and Loss Minimization Condition Based Planning Approach under Load Growth

Optimal sizing and placement of distribution grid connected battery systems through an SOCP optimal power flow algorithm

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