Optimal Sizing of Battery Energy Storage for Grid-Connected and Isolated Wind-Penetrated Microgrid

Abstract

Renewable energy (RE) sources, particularly wind and solar are gaining more popularity due to their inherent benefits, consequently, nations have set ambitious goals to enhance the penetration of RE into their energy-mix. However, the RE sources especially wind and photovoltaic sources are intermittent, uncertain, and unpredictable. Therefore, there is a need to optimize their usage when they are available. Moreover, energy storage system like battery energy storage has much potential to support the RE integration with the power grid. This study, therefore, investigates the sizes of battery energy storage required to support a grid-connected microgrid and a stand-alone microgrid for 12 months considering hourly wind power potential. In this study, we have considered three Scenarios of operations and have determined the BESS sizes and recommend the best based on the cost of operation. Scenarios 1 and 2 are grid-connected configuration while Scenario 3 is a standalone microgrid supported with diesel generators. In each Scenario, the optimization problem is formulated based on the optimal operation cost of the microgrids. The powers consumed from the main grid are reported in Scenarios 1 & 2 and the extra cost spent on the maintenance of diesel generators is reported in Scenario 3. The study evaluates and analyzes the operational environmental effects and costs between the three Scenarios. The formulated problems are solved using the nonlinear optimization method. Simulations results proved the effectiveness of the study. INDEX TERMS Energy capacity, energy storage system, renewable energy, power capacity, optimal sizes, wind power.

Exploring the Utilization of Energy Storage Systems for Frequency Response Adequacy of a Low Inertia Power Grid

“…The authors propose a sizing scheme for Battery Energy Storages, which solely depends on optimizing operational cost of a microgrid and minimizing BESS charging and discharging capacity in [21]. This research work investigates the competence of the proposed method in three different scenarios depending on whether the microgrid is connected with the host grid and power can be sold to the host grid.…”

High-Performance 3-Phase 5-Level E-Type Multilevel–Multicell Converters for Microgrids

“…Concerning solar energy, a photovoltaic (PV) cell provides a DC source at unregulated low voltage, and thus power electronics systems must be able to adjust this DC voltage level to one suitable for supplying the load [5]. In the 21st century, therefore, modern solutions based on different energy sources coming from wind, solar, energy storage and micro-turbines have been used to feed the load or different loads [6,7]. Particularly, in a stand-alone microgrid, more energy sources are connected to energy sources coming from wind, solar, energy storage and micro-turbines have been used to feed the load or different loads [6,7].…”

“…In the 21st century, therefore, modern solutions based on different energy sources coming from wind, solar, energy storage and micro-turbines have been used to feed the load or different loads [6,7]. Particularly, in a stand-alone microgrid, more energy sources are connected to energy sources coming from wind, solar, energy storage and micro-turbines have been used to feed the load or different loads [6,7]. Particularly, in a stand-alone microgrid, more energy sources are connected to a single DC-bus to supply the load, as shown in Figure 1.…”

Techno-Economic Assessment and Operational Planning of Wind-Battery Distributed Renewable Generation System

“…Similarly, demand varies across the day; it is higher during working hours, i.e., from morning until evening [3,4]. Incidentally, renewable power generation from wind and solar also varies with season, and this has a significant impact on the operation of a wind-penetrated MG in these seasons [5]. However, the MG extensively relies on the support provided from the available dispatchable sources, such as battery energy storage systems (BESS), the grid, or any other source integrated within the MG system.…”