Optimal Sizing of Distributed Generations in DC Microgrids With Comprehensive Consideration of System Operation Modes and Operation Targets

DC Microgrid Planning, Operation, and Control: A Comprehensive Review

“…Unlike the conventional unit commitment problem which depends on a priori information, this method is not as more suitable for practical implementation as it does not require prior RES and load information. A day ahead unit commitment operation is solved in [81] using a heuristic optimization technique to minimize the total operation cost and carbon dioxide while scheduling the [56] Battery cost minimization total energy consumption is reduced reliability is not improved load management and ESS location MILP [57]- [59] Not specified cost minimization (investment and operation) reduction in power conversion loss -DE [60], [61] battery and supercapacitor battery life cycle maximization and cost minimization the microgrids configuration is optimized SOC is not well managed Compro mise Programming (CP) [62] battery daily worth maximization and cost minimization effective sizing with minimal cost system operational requirements are not considered PSO [63]- [65] battery minimization of annualized capital cost, and operation loss of power supply probability is reduced, assumption is made based on & maintenance cost limited RES sensitive analysis [66] not specified maximization control performance and optimal node selection for ESS variation of the grid constructions minimization power losses mitigation of power and energy variation and parameters are not considered GWO [67], [68] battery minimization net present cost optimized configuration is selected -DP optimization [69] vanadium redox battery ESS cost load uncertainty improvement PQ issues are unsolved NSGA-II [70] hybrid SMES-flywheel maximize the power delivered, cost reduction and performance improvement solution procedure is minimize power fluctuation and costs time-consuming probabilistic approach [71], [72] battery investment cost minimization optimal size of battery when time-of-use sensitivity analysis with random (ToU) is used uncertainties are well handled input variables should be investigated linear programming [73] hydrogen storage cost and carbon emission minimization reduced carbon emission size of hydrogen storage is larger than battery power among different microgrids units. This approach also effectively eliminates congestion according to congestion signals by optimally scheduling different units.…”

Economic Dispatch of BESS and Renewable Generators in DC Microgrids Using Voltage-Dependent Load Models

“…For additional information about operational and installation costs, as well as the recommended maximum and minimum states of charge, consult References [38,39]. Figure 4 presents the real and predicted power outputs of the renewable generators, the percentage load variation, and the cost of power generation at the slack node during the day.…”

Genetic optimisation‐based distributed energy resource allocation and recloser‐fuse coordination

“…The relation between these three variables are shown in (29) and (30) [25, 26] where is the output active power of the photovoltaic system; is the surface temperature of photovoltaic cells (in ); is the illumination intensity (in ); k is the power temperature coefficient; is the environmental temperature and is the coefficient related to wind speed. Furthermore, , and are the standard test conditions (STCs): output power, illumination intensity () and temperature (), respectively [25]. Additionally, the characteristic variation, which is shown in the solar illumination intensity (Fig.…”