“…For the nonlinear restoring force , the smooth Bouc–Wen hysteresis model has been widely utilized for numerically simulating structural nonlinearity in both structural control and health monitoring . By using the Bouc–Wen model, the corresponding restoring force on the i th floor is then expressed as where k , α , and D y represent the pre‐yield stiffness, post‐yield ratio, and the yield deformation, respectively, and Z denotes the hysteretic component as a function of loop parameters, such as β , γ , and n .…”