“…Generally, the simultaneous optimization methods treat the transferred masses as decision variables to optimize single-component MENs. − Once the algorithm optimizes variables (such as transferred masses, flow rates, and split ratios), these optimized values are used to calculate specific parameters of the obtained MEN, such as the inlet and outlet compositions of each component and the number of trays. Essentially, throughout the calculation process, these optimized variables are treated as known values.…”