“…The idea of combining the theory of fractional calculus with the PID controller introduced a new member of the PID controller family called FOPID controllers, which have attracted many controller designers’ attention. During the past two decades, some analytical and heuristic methods have been utilized to design FOPID controllers in different areas (Muresan et al, 2016a; Zamani et al, 2016; Gad et al, 2017; Dulf et al, 2017; Dulf, 2019; Birs et al, 2020; Mohanty and Panda, 2021; Sibtain et al, 2021; Yang et al, 2021; Parnianifard et al, 2021; Altbawi et al, 2021; Tufenkci et al, 2021). In heuristic methods, some researchers use frequency-domain approaches to define the cost functions (Dulf et al, 2016, 2017; Dulf and Kovacs, 2018; Székely et al, 2019; Ionescu et al, 2020), and some researchers use time-domain approaches for this issue (Alamdar-Ravari and Yaghoobi 2019; Zhang et al, 2019; Hekimoğlu 2019; Ayas and Sahin 2020; Girgis et al, 2020; Jumani et al, 2020; Micev et al, 2020; Mohapatra et al, 2020; Paiva et al, 2020; Yang et al, 2021; Aseem and Kumar 2021; Sibtain et al, 2021).…”