Optimal warm-up stimuli of muscle activation to enhance short and long-term acute jumping performance

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different types of active warm-up stimuli of muscle activation on explosive jumping performance after short (5 min postwarm-up) and long (6 h postwarm-up) recovery periods following warm-up. Twelve trained volleyball players (21-24 years) performed different types of specific warm-up stimuli (WP) after baseline measurements [e.g., countermovement jump (CMJ) without and with extra load and Drop jump (DJ)] on randomized separate occasions: (1) three sets of five jumps with extra load (WP1), (2) two sets of four reps at 80% of 1RM parallel squat (1RM(PS)) and two sets of two reps at 85% of 1RM(PS) (WP2), (3) two sets of four reps at 80% of 1RM(PS) and two sets of two reps at 90% of 1RM(PS) and two sets of one rep at 95% of 1RM(PS) (WP3), (4) three sets of five DJs (WP4), (5) specified warm-up for a volleyball match (WP5), (6) three sets of five reps at 30% 1RM(PS) (WP6), and (7) an experimental condition of no active warm-up. Height in DJ significantly improved (P < 0.05) after WP1 (4.18%), WP2 (2.98%), WP3 (5.47%), and WP5 (4.49%). Maximal power output during CMJ with extra load significantly improved (P < 0.05) after WP2 (11.39%), WP5 (10.90%), WP3 (9%), and WP1 (2.47%). High-intensity dynamic loading (e.g., 80-95% 1RM), as well as specific volleyball warm-up protocol bring about the greatest effects on subsequent neuromuscular explosive responses. Acute positive effects on jumping performance after warm-up were maintained after long recovery periods (e.g., 6 h following warm-up), particularly when prior high-intensity dynamic actions were performed.

Running versus strength-based warm-up: acute effects on isometric knee extension function

“…This routine is believed to be essential for injury prevention and performance enhancement; a point of view that is supported by empiric observations and by a large number of scientific studies (Burkett et al 2005;Gourgoulis et al 2003;McBride et al 2005;Saez Saez de Villarreal et al 2007;Vetter 2007;Yetter and Moir 2008). The potential beneficial mechanisms include an increase in muscle temperature or in nerve conduction rate, a speeding in oxygen kinetics due to the greater muscle perfusion, oxygen transport, and delivery and/or a decrease in viscous resistance and stiffness (Bishop 2003;Jones et al 2003).…”

“…However, the optimal modalities are still highly debated (Bishop 2003;Woods et al 2007). For example, vertical jumping ability has been shown to improve following strength-related WU (Burkett et al 2005;Gourgoulis et al 2003;Saez Saez de Villarreal et al 2007), but deteriorated if WU includes some stretching (Holt and Lambourne 2008;Young and Behm 2003). Moreover, the detrimental effect of stretching during WU has been reported to be reversed (Stewart et al 2007;Taylor et al 2008a, b) or not (Pearce et al 2009) if followed by a second bout of specific exercise.…”

Prior sprint cycling did not enhance training adaptation, but resting salivary hormones were related to workout power and strength

“…This phenomenon is referred to as postactivation potentiation (PAP) (Hodgson et al 2005). Postactivation potentiation has been widely reported among highly trained or athletic populations (Obmijski et al 1998;Chadwick Smith et al 2001;Chiu et al 2003;Gilbert and Lees 2005;KilduV et al 2007;Rixon et al 2007;Saez Saez de Villarreal et al 2007). In particular, it has been suggested that athletes with a strength training background possess a greater percentage of type II Wbres that respond more readily to potentiation (Chiu et al 2003).…”

Biomechanical Assessment of Strength and Jumping Ability in Male Volleyball Players During the Annual Training Macrocycle

“…A basic measurable variable which is used to assess jumping ability is jump height. The most commonly applied methods of measuring this variable include different types of vertical jumps [3,18,19,20,21,22].…”