Optimisation du renouvellement des femelles dans les troupeaux laitiers soumis au croisement terminal

Elsen, J. M.; Mocquot, JC

doi:10.1186/1297-9686-8-3-343

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Simple models estimate long-term annual genetic progress, i.e. the linear evolution of the trait mean as an effect of selecting a population in the same way over a long period of time (Rendel and Robertson, 1950;Smith and Cimasoni, 1967;Bulmer, 1971;Bichard et al, 1973;Elsen and Mocquot, 1976). More classical population genetics models are also available, which describe the evolution of allele frequencies at a locus submitted to a selection pressure (Crow and Kimura, 1970;Bulmer, 1971;Hill, 1974;Fournet-Hanocq and Elsen, 1998).…”

Section: Principles For Assessing the Effectiveness Of Breeding Progrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the scrapie situation in the EU after 10 years of monitoring and control in sheep and goats

Hald

Baggesen

2014

EFSA Journal

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To assess the effectiveness of the strategies implemented in the European Union (EU) to control Classical scrapie (CS), epidemiological data have been compared in the context of the efforts in terms of control measures applied over time. Official EU surveillance data and results from questionnaire surveys of EU Member States (MSs) have been used along with case studies. A spatio-temporal description of the occurrence of small ruminants TSEs in MSs in the period 2002-2012 is provided, with a particular focus on CS in sheep. Based on information collected from MSs, the potential effectiveness of breeding programmes for resistance to CS (BP-CS) in the dissemination of resistance into the general sheep population has been assessed for those countries for which the CS trend analysis has been performed. CS in sheep was reported in 17 MSs (average prevalence: 8.7 cases/10 000 tests), with heterogeneous trends and geographical distribution: among the 13 countries reporting a consistent number of cases, the trend analysis shows a statistically significant decreasing trend only for six of them. Variations in the implementation of genetic and non-genetic measures for the control of CS may explain the failure to improve the disease situation in the remaining seven MSs. At a national level, a reduction in CS seems to be linked to better-achieving BP-CSs. Control options applied to CS in sheep and goats indicate that a CS eradication policy that relies solely on the detection of infected flocks by post-mortem testing and subsequent depopulation would be unlikely to succeed. A minimum frequency of the ARR allele in a sheep population above which CS may be expected to fade-out could be estimated for each specific national sheep population. Recommendations for additional/alternative measures to control CS in sheep and goats are formulated. Scrapie situation in the EU EFSA Journal 2014;12 (7):3781 2 SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission (EC), the EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the scrapie situation in the European Union (EU) after 10 years of monitoring and control in sheep and goats. In particular, in order to evaluate the measures in place and assess the progress accomplished, the EC consulted EFSA to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of the epidemiological situation of Classical scrapie (CS) and Atypical scrapie (AS), and a retrospective analysis of the effectiveness of the control tools encompassed by EU legislation.The opinion provides background information in relation to CS and AS in sheep and goats, including information on the nature of the agents, genetic susceptibility of the hosts, transmission pathways and epidemiology of the diseases.Based on information from the EU TSE surveillance database, CS and AS in sheep and goats in the period 2002-2012 have been analysed to provide a spatio-temporal description of the occurrence of the diseases, after appropriate statistical adjustment accounting for the main known confounding factor...

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Section: Principles For Assessing the Effectiveness Of Breeding Progrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the scrapie situation in the EU after 10 years of monitoring and control in sheep and goats

Hald

Baggesen

2014

EFSA Journal

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“…But it was soon realized that most breeding programmes are even more complex, especially when generations are not discrete, but overlapping, as they are in many real‐life situations. With the introduction of the so‐called “gene‐flow” approach by Hill (1974) and Elsen and Mocquot (1976), it became possible to assess expected genetic progress from breeding schemes of arbitrary complexity. In this concept, groups of animals of the same sex, age and selection background (often called “cohorts”) are defined as units of a breeding programme and transition matrices are used to model the gene flow between such groups through ageing and reproduction in discrete time steps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unifying concept of animal breeding programmes

Simianer

Büttgen

Ganesan

et al. 2021

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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Modern animal breeding programmes are constantly evolving with advances in breeding theory, biotechnology and genetics. Surprisingly, there seems to be no generally accepted succinct definition of what exactly a breeding programme is, neither is there a unified language to describe breeding programmes in a comprehensive, unambiguous and reproducible way. In this work, we try to fill this gap by suggesting a general definition of breeding programmes that also pertains to cases where genetic progress is not achieved through selection, but, for example, through transgenic technologies, or the aim is not to generate genetic progress, but, for example, to maintain genetic diversity. The key idea of the underlying concept is to represent a breeding programme in modular form as a directed graph that is composed of nodes and edges, where nodes represent cohorts of breeding units, usually individuals, and edges represent breeding activities, like “selection” or “reproduction.” We claim, that by defining a comprehensive set of nodes and edges, it is possible to represent any breeding programme of arbitrary complexity by such a graph, which thus comprises a full description of the breeding programme. This concept is implemented in a web‐based tool (MoBPSweb, available at http://www.mobps.de) and has a link to the R‐package MoBPS (Modular Breeding Program Simulator) to simulate the described breeding programmes. The approach is illustrated by showcasing three different breeding programmes of increasing complexity. The concept allows a formal description of breeding programmes, which is requested, for example, in legal regulations of the European Union, but so far cannot be provided in a standardized format. In the discussion, we point out potential limitations of the concept and argue that the general approach can be easily extended to account for novel breeding technologies, to breeding of crops or experimental species, but also to modelling diversity dynamics in natural populations.

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Comparison of the Main European Cattle Breeds Used in Industrial Crossing on French Friesian Dairy Cows: Preliminary Results on Calving Difficulties

Ménissier

Sapa

Gogué

et al. 1979

Calving Problems and Early Viability of the Calf

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Optimisation du renouvellement des femelles dans les troupeaux laitiers soumis au croisement terminal

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Scientific Opinion on the scrapie situation in the EU after 10 years of monitoring and control in sheep and goats

Scientific Opinion on the scrapie situation in the EU after 10 years of monitoring and control in sheep and goats

A unifying concept of animal breeding programmes

Comparison of the Main European Cattle Breeds Used in Industrial Crossing on French Friesian Dairy Cows: Preliminary Results on Calving Difficulties

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