“…After the appearance of the TP model, more accurate models and effective optimization algorithms have emerged for the cell placement problem, finding suitable site positions and base station parameters for the coverage of a wireless network [27]. A number of models defined by associating suitable decision variables with the physical and radioelectrical antenna parameters (candidate locations, power values, activation statuses, transmission frequencies, service, and coverage requirements ) and solving coverage and capacity planning problems have been developed and applied to the design of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) [106,140,83,143,139,22,144] and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) [26,51,25,142,137,141,24]. Authors in [138] have provided a detailed survey of proposed approaches for network design, charting the evolution of models and techniques for the automatic planning of cellular wireless services.…”