Optimisation of 10 Gbit/s InGaAsP electroabsorption modulator operating at high temperature

Foti, E.; Fratta, L.; Coriasso, C.; Cacciatore, C.; Rigo, C.; Agresti, M.; Vallone, Marco; Codato, Simone; Fornuto, G.; Fang, Ruochen; Rosso, M.; Buccieri, A.; Valenti, P.

doi:10.1049/ip-opt:20040288

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, it is worth to underline that in the literature it is possible to find several micro-XANES studies [96,[412][413][414][415][416], where only few tens of eV are scanned across the edge, whereas papers reporting micro-EXAFS data, requiring an energy scan of several hundred of eV, are much more rare [123,[417][418][419][420][421]. An interesting example of micro-EXAFS investigation is represented by the study of MQWs in the electroabsorption modulated laser (EML) [422,423]. Indeed, nowadays advanced optoelectronic devices often require the integration of two different functions in the same chip: excellent results in the development of monolithic integration have been reached with the Selective Area Growth (SAG) technique [424,425].…”

Section: Mqw For Optoelectronic Devices Investigated By Micro-xasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-dimensional systems investigated by x-ray absorption spectroscopy: a selection of 2D, 1D and 0D cases

Mino

Agostini

Borfecchia

et al. 2013

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

108

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During the last three decades low dimensional systems attracted increasing interest both from the fundamental and the technological point of view due to their unique physical and chemical properties. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful tool for the characterization of such kind of systems, owing to its chemical selectivity and high sensitivity in interatomic distances determination. Moreover this technique can simultaneously provide information on electronic and local structural properties of the nanomaterials, significantly contributing to clarify the relation between their atomic structure and their peculiar physical properties. This review provides a general introduction to XAS, discussing the basic theory of the technique, the most used detection modes, the related experimental setups and some complementary relevant characterization techniques (DAFS, EXELFS, PDF, XES, HERFD XAS, XRS). Subsequently a selection of significant applications of XAS spectroscopy to 2D, 1D and 0D systems will be presented. The selected low dimensional systems include IV and III-V semiconductor films, quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots; carbon based nanomaterials (epitaxial graphene and carbon nanotubes); metal oxide films, nanowires, nanorods and nanocrystals; metal nanoparticles. Finally, the future perspectives for the application of XAS to nanostructures are discussed.

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Section: Mqw For Optoelectronic Devices Investigated By Micro-xasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-dimensional systems investigated by x-ray absorption spectroscopy: a selection of 2D, 1D and 0D cases

Mino

Agostini

Borfecchia

et al. 2013

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

108

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“…In particular, synchrotron radiation micro-/nano-beams can also be successfully employed to study devices based on nanostructured inorganic materials. An interesting example is represented by the electroabsorption modulated laser (EML) [121,122]. Indeed, nowadays heterostructures based on quaternary III-V semiconductor alloys are widely used in optical communication systems.…”

Section: Applications Of X-ray Micro Beams: Electroabsorption Modulatmentioning

confidence: 99%

5. Structural and electronic characterization of nanosized inorganic materials by X-ray absorption spectroscopies

Borfecchia¹,

Agostini²,

Bordiga³

et al. 2013

Inorganic Micro- And Nanomaterials

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Starting from the late seventies, the progressively increased availability of synchrotron light sources has allowed the execution of experiments requiring a high X-ray flux in a continuous interval [1][2][3][4]. Among the various techniques developed, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS, also known as X-ray absorption fine-structure, XAFS) [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] in both near (XANES) and post (EXAFS) edge regions, has become a powerful characterization technique widely employed in many research fields concerning inorganic chemistry, such as catalysis [13][14][15][16][17], organometallic and coordination complexes [18], metal nanoparticles [19, 20], electrochemical processes [21, 22], coordination polymers or metallorganic frameworks [23], bio-inorganic molecules including metalloproteins [24-27], chemistry of actinide elements [28], and solid state chemistry [12,[29][30][31].In this chapter, we will provide a brief introduction to the basic theory of XAS spectroscopy (Section 5.2), followed by selected examples having some didactic perspective (Sections 5.3-5.7). For the sake of brevity, only a fraction of the subjects mentioned above will be discussed; in particular, the chapter will deal with: the reactivity of the CuCl 2 /Al 2 O 3 -based catalysts for ethylene oxychlorination (Section 5.3); the structure, the electronic configuration and the reactivity of Cp 2 Cr molecules encapsulated in porous solids (Section 5.4); the structural characterization of metal complexes in solution (Section 5.5); the structural characterization of the UiO-66 and UiO-67 class of metallorganic frameworks (Section 5.6); and the determination of the local structure of an Alxw Gayw In 1−xw−yw As/Al xb Ga yb In 1−xb −yb As strained heterostructure grown on InP by metallorganic vapor phase epitaxy (Section 5.7) as an example of space-resolved EXAFS applied to a topic pertinent to solid state chemistry. XAS spectroscopy: Basic backgroundThe aim of this section is to provide the reader with a concise review of the basic physical principles on which the interpretation of EXAFS and XANES data is based. For a more detailed description of the theoretical background and the experimental aspects of XAS we refer to the extensive specialized literature (e.g., [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]).

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“…One of the most promising applications of this technique are electroabsorption modulated lasers (EML)29–31 obtained by monolithic integration of an electroabsorption modulator (EAM) with a distributed feedback laser (DFB). They are particularly interesting for long‐distance (up to 100 km) communications at high frequency (10 Gb s −1 ); in fact, a directly modulated DFB laser is limited by its positive chirp 32.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

μ‐EXAFS, μ‐XRF, and μ‐PL Characterization of a Multi‐Quantum‐Well Electroabsorption Modulated Laser Realized via Selective Area Growth

Mino

Gianolio

Agostini

et al. 2011

Small

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In the past few years, strong efforts have been devoted to improving the frequency of optical-fiber communications. In particular, the use of a special kind of integrated optoelectronic device called an electroabsorption modulated laser (EML) allows communication at 10 Gb s(-1) or higher over long propagation spans (up to 80 km). Such devices are realized using the selective area growth (SAG) technique and are based on a multiple quantum well (MQW) distributed-feedback laser (DFB) monolithically integrated with a MQW electroabsorption modulator (EAM). Since the variation in the chemical composition between these two structures takes place on the micrometer scale, in order to study the spatial variation of the relevant parameters of the MQW EML structures, the X-ray microbeam available at the ESRF ID22 beamline is used. The effectiveness of the SAG technique in modulating the chemical composition of the quaternary alloy is proven by a micrometer-resolved X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) map. Here, reported micrometer-resolved extended X-ray absorption fine structure (μ-EXAFS) spectra represent the state of the art of μ-EXAFS achievable at third-generation synchrotron radiation sources. The results are in qualitative agreement with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and micrometer-resolved photoluminescence (μ-PL) data, but a technical improvement is still crucial in order to make μ-EXAFS really quantitative on such complex heterostructures.

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Optimisation of 10 Gbit/s InGaAsP electroabsorption modulator operating at high temperature

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Low-dimensional systems investigated by x-ray absorption spectroscopy: a selection of 2D, 1D and 0D cases

Low-dimensional systems investigated by x-ray absorption spectroscopy: a selection of 2D, 1D and 0D cases

5. Structural and electronic characterization of nanosized inorganic materials by X-ray absorption spectroscopies

μ‐EXAFS, μ‐XRF, and μ‐PL Characterization of a Multi‐Quantum‐Well Electroabsorption Modulated Laser Realized via Selective Area Growth

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