Optimisation of a hydrogen production – storage – re-powering system participating in electricity and transportation markets. A case study for Denmark

Apostolou, Dimitrios

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114800

Cited by 48 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Water electrolysers represent nowadays a suitable technology to better integrate renewables and to comply with their discontinuity by providing grid-balancing service [9][10][11][12][13][14]. The excess of renewable energy that is now curtailed by the grid operators when the demand is low may be efficiently converted to hydrogen [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. This can be used directly as fuel for sustainable mobility applications or stored and converted again into electrical energy when needed [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]11,[15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrochemical water splitting technologies, based on RES, appear today as the most promising processes to produce "green hydrogen" in an economically and environmentally sustainable way [1,9,11,13,[17][18][19]. Among the various water electrolysis technologies, polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis systems show high operating current densities, good efficiency and proper dynamic behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Durability of a recombination catalyst-based membrane-electrode assembly for electrolysis operation at high current density

et al. 2020

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Hydrogen production through polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis was investigated at high current density (4 A cm-2). A PtCo recombination catalyst-based membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) was assessed in terms of performance, efficiency and durability. The electrolysis cell consisted of a thin (50 µm) perfluorosulfonic acid membrane and low platinum group metals (PGM) catalyst loadings (0.6 mgMEA PGM cm-2). An unsupported PtCo catalyst was successfully integrated in the anode. A composite catalytic layer made of IrRuOx and PtCo assisted both oxygen evolution and oxidation of hydrogen permeated through the membrane. The cell voltage for the recombination catalyst-based MEA was about 30 mV lower than the bare MEA during a 3500 h durability test. The modified MEA showed low performance losses during 3500 hours operation at high current density (4 A cm-2) with low catalyst loadings. A decay rate of 9 µV/h was observed in the last 1000 hours. These results are promising for decreasing the capital costs of polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysers. Moreover, the stable voltage efficiency of about 80% vs. the high heating value (HHV) of hydrogen at 4 A cm-2 , here achieved, appears very promising to decrease operating expenditures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of a recombination catalyst-based membrane-electrode assembly for electrolysis operation at high current density

et al. 2020

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“…Hydrogen is an excellent fuel for long-distance transportation from so-called fuel cells, which makes it a future choice for trucks, ships and airplanes [22]. Hydrogen is easy to transport by converting it into alumina, and its transport speed in this way is three times that of natural gas [23]. The benefits of hydrogen are not only environmental, but also economic, as hydrogen has wide uses, the most important of which is oil refining and chemical industries, such as the production of fertilizers, or in industries that require high temperatures, such as steel and glass, which are industries in which electricity cannot be used.…”

Section: Hydrogen Transportation and Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen as a clean and sustainable energy for green future

Yousef¹

2021

Sustain. tech, green econ.

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Hydrogen is the most abundant gas in the universe and is classified by the World Energy Organization as the cleanest fuel in the world compared to other energy products. Therefore, the hope hangs upon it in achieving the zero fuel emissions strategy, which adopted by the largest countries in the world. Also, it is believed that by 2050, hydrogen consumption will represent 24 % of the global energy sector, with investments estimated at 2.5 trillion dollars, compared to only 139 billion dollars at present. There are three types of hydrogen (gray, blue and green) classified based on their production methods and carbon content. Gray hydrogen is usually produced by burning natural gas at high temperatures and once the carbon is removed or captured, the gray hydrogen turns into blue hydrogen. As for green hydrogen with zero emissions, it is produced through the electrolysis of water or by using renewable energy sources such as solar cell, wind energy, etc. to avoid any emissions during the production stages. Despite the efficiency of green hydrogen compared to other types, its price remains a major obstacle in the promotion and marketing, which is estimated at 3.5 Euro/kg, compared to 1.5 Euro/kg for blue hydrogen. In addition to some other obstacles related to infrastructure and raw materials used in the production stages. Recently, and in order to remove all these obstacles, the leading countries in the energy sector pumped more investments to study all these obstacles and assess the current hydrogen market, which in turn leads to the acceleration of the upscaling of hydrogen production. In this context, this research was developed to study all these current and future challenges. In addition to discussing the traditional and modern methods of its production. Besides taking a look at the projects under implementation in this regard.

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“…Emodi et al [21] analyzed impacts of transition policies in Nigeria towards 2040 based on the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) model, in which only energy mix was described. Apostolou [22] developed an optimization model to obtain the planning of hydrogen system, in which hydrogen would be used in power and transport sectors. Chen et al [23] developed a multi-regional and multi-period optimization model of power systems in China, whilst new transmission grids and power storage facilities were not described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Low-Carbon Targets and Hydrogen Production Alternatives on Energy Supply System Transition: An Infrastructure-Based Optimization Approach and a Case Study of China

Liu

2021

Processes

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Low-carbon transition pathways oriented from different transition targets would result in a huge variation of energy system deployment and transition costs. Hydrogen is widely considered as an imperative energy carrier to reach carbon neutral targets. However, hydrogen production, either from non-fossil power or fossil fuels with carbon capture, is closely linked with an energy supply system and has great impacts on its structure. Identifying an economically affordable transition pathway is attractive, and energy infrastructure is critical due to massive investment and long life-span. In this paper, a multi-regional, multi-period, and infrastructure-based model is proposed to quantify energy supply system transition costs with different low-carbon targets and hydrogen production alternatives, and China is taken as a case study. Results show that, fulfilling 2-degree and 1.5-degree temperature increase targets would result in 84% and 151% increases in system transition costs, 114% and 246% increases in infrastructure investment, and 211% and 339% increases in stranded investment, compared to fulfilling stated policy targets. Producing hydrogen from coal would be economical when carbon capture and sequestration cost is lower than 437 yuan per tonne, and reduce infrastructure investment and stranded coal investment by 16% and 35% respectively, than producing hydrogen from renewable power.

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Optimisation of a hydrogen production – storage – re-powering system participating in electricity and transportation markets. A case study for Denmark

Cited by 48 publications

References 52 publications

Durability of a recombination catalyst-based membrane-electrode assembly for electrolysis operation at high current density

Durability of a recombination catalyst-based membrane-electrode assembly for electrolysis operation at high current density

Hydrogen as a clean and sustainable energy for green future

Impacts of Low-Carbon Targets and Hydrogen Production Alternatives on Energy Supply System Transition: An Infrastructure-Based Optimization Approach and a Case Study of China

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