Optimisation of a sample preparation method for the determination of fumonisin B1 in rice

Mycobiota and occurrence of Fumonisin B1 in wheat harvested in Southern Brazil

“…The clean-up step consisted of salt addition (Na 2 SO 4 , and Celite) to the extract, followed by vortexing for 30 seconds and centrifugation at 3,220 x g for 5 minutes. The supernatant was filtered through Millex 0.22 mM membrane, and stored under refrigeration for subsequent quantification (PETRARCA, 2014).…”

In-house method validation, estimating measurement uncertainty and the occurrence of fumonisin B1 in samples of Brazilian commercial rice

“…With respect to the of Brazilian rice samples, fumonisin B 1 was reported by Becker-Algeri et al (2013) in rice samples from the southern region of Brazil, which showed varying contamination levels between 30 and 170 mg kg À1 . In a recent study, we detected the mycotoxin in one commercial sample of polished rice from the south-eastern region of Brazil at a mass fraction of 258.7 mg kg À1 (Petrarca et al, 2014). In general, the incidence and contamination levels of fumonisin B 1 found in rice samples intended for human consumption from around the world are regarded as low (Park et al, 2005;Patel, Hazel, Winterton, & Gleadle, 1997;Patel, Hazel, Winterton, & Mortby, 1996;Scott et al, 1999;Seo et al, 2009;Tanaka et al, 2007).…”

“…The sample preparation method applied in this study was optimized to determine fumonisin B 1 in polished rice, and it is described elsewhere (Petrarca et al, 2014). In this method, 10 g of ground sample, 20 mL of 50% acetonitrile aqueous solution and 0.2 mL of glacial acetic acid were added to a 50 mL polypropylene centrifuge tube (Nalgene, Thermo Scientific, Rochester, NY, USA) and vortexed for 1 min.…”

“…Recently, we detected fumonisin B 1 in one sample of rice that was purchased at a local retail store in the south-eastern region of Brazil; however, that study was restricted to polished rice samples (Petrarca, Rodrigues, Rossi, & Sylos, 2014). Until the present, no studies on the occurrence of fumonisin B 1 have been performed on other types of rice intended for human consumption such as the polished parboiled rice, whole grain rice and whole grain parboiled rice that are commercially available in the south-eastern region of Brazil.…”

“…Many of these methods include laborious sample preparation steps as well as considerable amounts of sample and extraction solvent, and these methods require solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges or immunoaffinity columns, which makes them costly. However, simple and low residue generation methods, which are based on the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) procedure, have been successfully applied to determine fumonisin B 1 in barley, corn, oats and wheat (Vaclavik, Zachariasova, Hrbek, & Hajslova, 2010;Yang & Wu, 2012;Zachariasova et al, 2010), rice (Becker-Algeri, HeidtmannBemvenuti, Hackbart, & Badiale-Furlong, 2013;Koesukwiwat, Sanguankaew, & Leepipatpiboon, 2014;Petrarca et al, 2014), cereal flours (Desmarchelier et al, 2010), and other food matrices and feed (Mol et al, 2008;Trebstein, Lauber, & Humpf, 2009). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with fluorescence detection or coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), have been extensively employed for identifying and quantifying the mycotoxin in food matrices (Arranz, Baeyens, Van der Weken, De Saeger, & Van Peteghem, 2004;K€ oppen et al, 2010;Maragos & Busman, 2010).…”