Optimisation of energy-efficient greenhouses based on an integrated energy demand-yield production model

New Generation Sustainable Technologies for Soilless Vegetable Production

“…Energy-saving techniques, such as solar panels, energy-efficient lighting, and automated climate control systems, are increasingly integrated into soilless vegetable production to reduce operational costs and environmental impact. These technologies can significantly lower energy consumption and increase performance, thereby contributing to the sustainability of soilless farming practices [278][279][280][281][282]. The majority of current greenhouses utilize conventional materials on the facade and traditional technologies for heating, cooling, ventilation, air-conditioning, lighting, energy generation, and storage; therefore, by simply changing the design and materials of the greenhouse with novel energy-efficient, low-cost, and eco-friendly solutions, such as semi-transparent PV modules, vertical ground heat exchangers, solar assisted heat pump systems, windcatchers, vacuum tube windows, blue and red LEDs for lighting, among others, farmers can minimize their cost of cultivation and, thus, maximize their profits, with payback periods from 4 to 8 years [280].…”

New Generation Sustainable Technologies for Soilless Vegetable Production

“…Energy-saving techniques, such as solar panels, energy-efficient lighting, and automated climate control systems, are increasingly integrated into soilless vegetable production to reduce operational costs and environmental impact. These technologies can significantly lower energy consumption and increase performance, thereby contributing to the sustainability of soilless farming practices [142][143][144][145][146][147]. The majority of current greenhouses utilize conventional materials on the facade and traditional technologies for heating, cooling, ventilation, air-conditioning, lighting, energy generating, and storing, therefore, by simply changing the design and materials of the greenhouse with novel energyefficient, low-cost, and eco-friendly solutions, such as semi-transparent PV modules, vertical ground heat exchangers, solar assisted heat pump systems, windcatchers, vacuum tube windows, blue and red LEDs for lighting, among others, farmers can minimize their cost on cultivation and thus to maximize their profits, with payback periods from 4 to 8 years [145].…”

Flexible energy management in an uncertain greenhouse

“…As such the dynamics of energy prices should be as realistic as possible to produce an efficient and representative management strategy. However much of previous research into greenhouse management on an economic basis has used fixed value energy prices (Golzar et al, 2021;Kuijpers, 2021;Maga et al, 2012;Vadiee & Martin, 2012). While there have been studies that use dynamic prices (van Beveren et al, 2019) there is a little else in the existing literature where the performance of the greenhouse is assessed using dynamic prices.…”

“…Several studies optimised the cost of the of the greenhouse's energy usage (Golzar et al, 2021;Seginer et al, 2017;Vadiee & Martin, 2012;van Beveren et al, 2019;Vanthoor et al, 2012) and several studies have included weather forecasts (Doeswijk et al, 2006;Gutman et al, 1993;Keesman et al, 2003;Sigrimis et al, 2001;Tap et al, 1996). However, many studies are limited in how realistic they are when compared to what is done in practice as the economics of the greenhouse were often significantly simplified.…”

“…However, many studies are limited in how realistic they are when compared to what is done in practice as the economics of the greenhouse were often significantly simplified. For example a fixed power price is often used (Golzar et al, 2021;Kuijpers, Katzin, et al, 2021;Vadiee & Martin, 2012;Vanthoor et al, 2012). van Beveren et al, (2019) did include a fluctuating price by optimising the use of the greenhouse's energy equipment using the imbalance price.…”