Optimisation of experimental conditions for binding of divalent iron to bioactive casein phosphopeptides

Abstract

Summary Casein phosphopeptides (CPPs) are mineral‐binding bioactive peptides derived from enzymatic digestion of casein. They have been shown to increase iron bioavailability due to increasing iron solubility at the alkaline pH of the intestine. Thus, they are potentially applicable as an advantageous preparation for iron fortification of food. This study aimed to characterise a commercially available CPP and determines optimum experimental conditions for binding it with ferrous iron. The effect of three variables – pH (5–7.5), mass ratio of iron to CPP (MR) (0.04–0.16) and holding time (40–80 min) – on the CPP's iron content was investigated using the central composite design (CCD) in response surface methodology (RSM), and a quadratic model was developed. The optimisation in this survey was based on the maximum response. Among all the regression's terms, the main and quadratic effects of pH represented the most significant influences on the iron content (P‐value <0.05). The obtained optimum conditions were as follows: pH 6.5, MR 0.14 and holding time 72 min, resulting in binding 68.66 mg iron per gram of the CPP. The quantity of iron bound to the CPP depended considerably on the experimental conditions and proved the importance of optimisation.

Opportunities for plant‐derived enhancers for iron, zinc, and calcium bioavailability: A review

“…For example, high molar ratios of phytic acid (0.66 kDa) to Zn are well known to inhibit Zn absorption from plant‐based diets (Wessells & Brown, 2012). On the other hand, carrier proteins such as casein phosphopeptides and milk lactoferrin can act as ligands to solubilize zinc (Ainscough, Brodie, & Plowman, 1980; Delshadian et al., 2018).…”

The Noble Method in the dairy sector as a sustainable production system to improve the nutritional composition of dairy products: A review

“…Milk proteins bring important nutritional and functional properties in human diet, possessing a high biological value, good digestibility and absorption (Rafiq et al 2016). Milk proteins also exhibit mineral carrier properties, which can help in nutrient transport, bioavailability and absorption (Hoolihan 2004;Delshadian et al 2018). Bioactive peptides with important health benefits (e.g.…”

“…Milk proteins also exhibit mineral carrier properties, which can help in nutrient transport, bioavailability and absorption (Hoolihan 2004; Delshadian et al . 2018). Bioactive peptides with important health benefits ( e.g .…”

Iron-caseinglycomacropeptide complexes: Characterization and application in beverages

“…Caseinphosphopeptides (CPP) are bioactive peptides derived from the digestion of milk proteins and have been reported to act as vehicles of different minerals, playing a very important role in their stability and bioavailability (Caetano-Silva et al, 2017;Clare & Swaisgood, 2000;Delshadian et al, 2018;Miao et al, 2019;Miquel, Alegría, Barberá, & Farré, 2006;Miquel & Farré, 2007;Walters, Esfandi, & Tsopmo, 2018). However, besides the proved ability of CPP to protect and ensure iron bioaccesibility, their production at a commercial scale is limited by costs.…”