Optimisation of Fischer-Tropsch Reactor Design and Operation in GTL Plants

Schanke, Dag; Lian, Petter; Eri, Sigrid; Rytter, Erling; Sannæs, Bente H.; Kinnari, Keijo J.

doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(01)80310-4

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Even a positive effect of water on activity has been reported; see [1,3] for further discussion. From activity tests over a range of conversions in a slurry CSTR reactor Co/Re/γ-alumina catalyst activity is observed to slightly increase with conversion up to 85%; above 85% conversion it drops rapidly [18]. At high conversions high partial pressures of H2O may oxidize small cobalt crystallites and promote aluminate formation thus enhancing WGS activity as shown by a significant CO2 make.…”

Section: Deactivation By Re-oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single pass conversion is typically in the range of 55-65%, significantly higher than for fixed-bed. Conversion is limited by the feasible height of the reactor, but there is also an upper conversion limit above about 75-80% for which the water-gas-shift activity will lead to possible catalyst oxidation and a steep increase in CO2 yield [18]. Naturally, extensive recycle of syngas in the FT-section of the plant is necessary to obtain a very high overall CO conversion.…”

Section: Slurry Bubble-column Reactor (Sbcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deactivation and Regeneration of Commercial Type Fischer-Tropsch Co-Catalysts—A Mini-Review

2015

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Deactivation of commercially relevant cobalt catalysts for Low Temperature Fischer-Tropsch (LTFT) synthesis is discussed with a focus on the two main long-term deactivation mechanisms proposed: Carbon deposits covering the catalytic surface and re-oxidation of the cobalt metal. There is a great variety in commercial, demonstration or pilot LTFT operations in terms of reactor systems employed, catalyst formulations and process conditions. Lack of sufficient data makes it difficult to correlate the deactivation mechanism with the actual process and catalyst design. It is well known that long term catalyst deactivation is sensitive to the conditions the actual catalyst experiences in the reactor. Therefore, great care should be taken during start-up, shutdown and upsets to monitor and control process variables such as reactant concentrations, pressure and temperature which greatly affect deactivation mechanism and rate. Nevertheless, evidence so far shows that carbon deposition is the main long-term deactivation mechanism for most LTFT operations. It is intriguing that some reports indicate a low deactivation rate for multi-channel micro-reactors. In situ rejuvenation and regeneration of Co catalysts are economically necessary for extending their life to several years. The review covers information from open sources, but with a particular focus on patent literature.

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Section: Deactivation By Re-oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Slurry Bubble-column Reactor (Sbcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deactivation and Regeneration of Commercial Type Fischer-Tropsch Co-Catalysts—A Mini-Review

2015

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“…This can cause hydro-thermal sintering of many FT catalysts [2,32]. Once-through conversion in one stage is limited to 80% to have the maximum C 5+ selectivity and also preserve catalyst life [27]. Studies of the effect of low amounts of water during FTS for cobalt catalysts show that a low partial pressure of water (p H 2 O =p H 2 b1) may have a positive kinetic and selectivity effect during FTS [18].…”

Section: Fischer-tropsch Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual design of an autonomous once-through gas-to-liquid process — Comparison between fixed bed and microchannel reactors

Ostadi

Dalane

Rytter

et al. 2015

Fuel Processing Technology

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“…The C5+ selectivity of cobalt catalyst (220°C, H2/CO = 1.9) increases significantly until 15 bar pressure is reached and a further increase in pressure increases selectivity only moderately 30 . According to Schanke et al 31 ., catalytic activity remains more or less constant in the range of 0-60% CO conversion with varying space time velocities. They also found an optimum for C5+ selectivity at 70% CO conversion and that CO conversions above 80 % will lead to a dramatic increase in CO2 formation.…”

Section: Cobalt Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%